《寒窑赋》原文如下:
天有不测风云,人有旦夕祸福。蜈蚣百足,行不及蛇;雄鸡两翼,飞不过鸦。马有千里之程,无骑不能自往;人有冲天之志,非运不能自通。盖闻:人生在世,富贵不能淫,贫贱不能移。
文章盖世,孔子厄于陈邦;武略超群,太公钓于渭水。颜渊命短,殊非凶恶之徒;盗跖年长,岂是善良之辈。尧帝明圣, 却生不肖之儿;瞽叟愚顽,反生大孝之子。张良原是布衣,萧何称谓县吏。晏子身无五尺,封作齐国宰相;孔明卧居草庐,能作蜀汉军师。楚霸虽雄,败于乌江自刎;汉王虽弱,竟有万里江山。李广有射虎之威,到老无封;冯唐有乘龙之才,一生不遇。韩信未遇之时,无一日三餐,及至遇行,腰悬三尺玉印,一旦时衰,死于阴人之手。
有先贫而后富,有老壮而少衰。满腹文章,白发竟然不中;才疏学浅,少年及第登科。深院宫娥,运退反为妓妾;风流妓女,时来配作夫人。青春美女,却招愚蠢之夫;俊秀郎君,反配粗丑之妇。蛟龙未遇,潜水于鱼鳖之间;君子失时,拱手于小人之下。衣服虽破,常存仪礼之容;面带忧愁,每抱怀安之量。时遭不遇,只宜安贫守份;心若不欺,必然扬眉吐气。初贫君子,天然骨骼生成;乍富小人,不脱贫寒肌体。天不得时,日月无光;地不得时,草木不生;水不得时,风浪不平;人不得时,利运不通。注福注禄,命里已安排定,富贵谁不欲?人若不依根基八字,岂能为卿为相?
吾昔寓居洛阳,朝求僧餐,暮宿破窖,思衣不可遮其体,思食不可济其饥,上人憎,下人厌,人道我贱,非我不弃也。今居朝堂,官至极品,位置三公,身虽鞠躬于一人之下,而列职于千万人之上,有挞百僚之杖,有斩鄙吝之剑,思衣而有罗锦千箱,思食而有珍馐百味,出则壮士执鞭,入则佳人捧觞,上人宠,下人拥。人道我贵,非我之能也,此乃时也、运也、命也。
嗟呼!人生在世,富贵不可尽用,贫贱不可自欺,听由天地循环,周而复始焉。
《寒窑赋》译文如下:
天气有预测不到的风和云,人也会有早晚遇到的灾祸与喜事。蜈蚣有上百只足,但却不如蛇行走得好。家鸡翅膀虽然很大,却不能像鸟一样飞行。马虽然能行走千里之遥,但没有人驾驭也不能自己到达目的地。人有远大的理想,但缺乏机遇就不能实现。
孔子的文章写得没有人能够超过却被围困于陈国。拥有文韬武略的姜子牙也曾迫于生计在渭水垂钓。而盗跖虽然是成年人,却不是善良人。孔子的学生颜回虽然早亡,但并不是凶恶的人。尧、舜虽然英明,却生下顽劣不肖的儿子。舜的父亲瞽叟顽固又愚蠢,反而生下舜这样圣贤的儿子。张良原来只是一个老百姓,箫何也仅是县里的吏员。晏子的身高没有达到五尺,却承担了齐国首相的职务。孔明居住在茅草屋里,却担任了蜀国的军师。韩信没有什么力气,确受封为汉朝的大将。冯唐虽有治国安邦的才能,但到老都没有做官的机会。汉将李广虽有射虎(虎石)的威名,却终身都未获得封侯。项羽虽然强大,但却在乌江自杀;刘邦虽然弱小,最后却取得了国家政权。具有高深学问的人,头发白了都得不到任用;能力差学问浅的人,很年轻就被任命了重要的官职。
有的人先富裕后贫穷,也有人先贫穷后富裕。蛟龙没有获得机遇,只能藏身于鱼和虾的群体里。正直的人没有机会时,只能屈从与小人。天气不好时,就见不到太阳和月亮的光辉;土地没有合适的气候条件时,草木都不会生长。水得不到恰当的环境时,就会掀起疾风巨浪;人若得不机遇时,利益和运气都不畅通。
以前,我在洛阳,白天到寺庙里吃斋饭,晚上住在寒冷的窑洞里。所穿衣服不能避寒,吃的粥饭抵御不了饥饿。上等人憎恨我,下等人厌恶我,都说我很贱。我说:不是我贱,是我没有机遇啊。当我获得功名,职位达到官职最高层,地位达到三公(丞相、御史大夫、太尉),拥有制约百官的能力,也有惩罚卑鄙、吝啬的权力,出门时前呼后拥,回到家里则有美女侍奉,穿衣服是绫罗锦缎,吃的则是山珍海味,皇上宠爱我,下面的人拥载我,所有的人都恭敬、羡慕我,都说我是贵人。我说:不是我贵,是因为我获得了好的机遇啊。
所以人活在世上,对于富贵的人不要去追捧他,对于贫贱的人不可去欺辱他。这就是为人处世周而复始的规律。
The translation of Han Kiln Fu (reference) is as follows:
The weather has unpredictable winds and clouds, and people will encounter disasters and happy events sooner or later. The centipede has hundreds of feet, but it doesn’t walk as well as the snake. Although the wings of domestic chickens are large, they cannot fly like birds. Although a horse can walk thousands of miles, it cannot reach its destination without being controlled. People have lofty ideals, but they cannot realize them without opportunities.
Confucius wrote articles that no one could surpass but were besieged by the State of Chen. Jiang Ziya, who has a strong and strategic background, was forced to make a living fishing in the Weishui River. Although the thief Zhi is an adult, he is not a kind person. Although Yan Hui, a student of Confucius, died early, he was not a vicious man. Although wise, Yao and Shun gave birth to wicked sons. Shun’s father, the blind old man, was stubborn and stupid. Instead, he gave birth to the son of a sage like Shun. Zhang Liang was just a common man, and Xiao He was just an official in the county. Yan Zi was not five feet tall, but he assumed the post of Prime Minister of the State of Qi. Kongming lived in a thatched hut, but he served as a military adviser in Shu. Han Xin did not have much strength. He was indeed appointed the general of the Han Dynasty. Although Feng Tang had the ability to govern the country, he had no chance to be an officer when he was old. Although Li Guang, the general of the Han Dynasty, has a reputation for shooting tigers (tiger stones), he has not been granted a marquis all his life. Although Xiang Yu was powerful, he committed suicide in Wujiang; Although Liu Bang was weak, he finally gained state power. People with profound knowledge cannot be appointed even when their hair is gray; People with poor abilities and shallow knowledge are appointed to important positions at a very young age.
Some people are rich first and then poor, while others are poor first and then rich. Jiaolong didn’t get the opportunity but hid in the group of fish and shrimp. When honest people have no chance, they can only yield to villains. When the weather is bad, the sun and the moon will not shine; When the land has no suitable climatic conditions, the plants will not grow. When the water can not get the proper environment, it will set off strong winds and waves; If people don’t have opportunities, their interests and luck are blocked.
In Luoyang, I used to eat fast in temples during the day and live in cold caves at night. The clothes you wear cannot protect you from the cold, and the porridge you eat cannot protect you from hunger. The superior hate me, while the inferior hates me. They all say that I am cheap. I said: I am not cheap, but I have no opportunity. When I got an official position, I reached the highest level of the official position and reached the rank of Sangong (Prime Minister, Imperial Doctor, and Grand Lieutenant). I had the ability to restrict all officials, and also had the power to punish meanness and stinginess. When I went out, I was welcomed by others. When I returned home, I was served by a beautiful woman. I wore silk, brocade, and satin, and ate delicious food. The emperor loved me, and the people below me supported me. All people respected and envied me, saying that I was a noble person. I said: It is not because I am expensive, but because I have gained good opportunities.
Therefore, if a person lives in the world, do not pursue the rich and noble, and do not humiliate the poor. This is the law of the life cycle.