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Top 100 Most Influential Historical Figures (Part 4): List of National Historical Figures (for reference only)

listenerxu — Sun, 15 May 2022 12:41:30 +0000

order	name	Historical time	Identity and Influence
76	Frank Lloyd Wright	1867-1959	The most influential architects in the United States oppose the “reinforced concrete jungle” and advocate the pastoral architectural style. The Imperial Hotel in Tokyo and the Larkin building in New York are their masterpieces.
77	Betty Friedan	1921-2006	The spokesperson of the feminist movement in the 1960s, she told their grievances and resentments on behalf of housewives, which greatly promoted the “second sex” revolution under patriarchy.
78	John Brown	1800-1859	The leader of the abolitionist movement. Is he a hero, a fanatic, or both? It is undeniable that he wiped out the spark of civil war.
79	Louis Armstrong	1900-1971	His talent and charm brought jazz from country cottages to Broadway and into the film and television industry.
80	William Randolph Hearst	1863-1951	The leader of the newspaper trust, the initiator of news hype, and the outbreak of the Spanish-American war can not do without his stirring up the flames.
81	Margaret Mead	1901-1978	Anthropologist, “Samoan adulthood” brought her academic reputation and criticism.
82	George Gallup	1901-1984	The founder of the poll.
83	James Fenimore Cooper	1789-1851	He created three different types of novels in the history of American literature, namely American revolutionary history novels, frontier adventure novels, and maritime adventure novels.
84	Thurgood Marshall	1908-1993	The first black judge of the Supreme Court of the United States (1967), once served as deputy inspector general (1965-1967).
85	Ernest Miller Hemingway	1899-1961	The representative of the “lost generation”, with a unique style and refined style, won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1954.
86	Mary Baker Eddy	1821-1910	The founder of the Christian Science School believed that the spiritual power of Christ could heal wounds. She discovered “Christian Science” (1866) and founded the Christian Science Monitor
87	Benjamin Spock	1903-1998	One of his “baby care knowledge” became a best-selling book in the “baby boom” era, affecting the health care of a whole generation of American mothers and infants.
88	Enrico Fermi	1901-1954	Italian American scientist who won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1938 and went to the United States in 1939. He is an important figure in the Manhattan Project and is known as the “father of atomic energy” of mankind. In 1942, he presided over the establishment of the world’s first nuclear reactor – Chicago pile-1.
89	Walter Lippmann	1889-1974	Harvard top student, news critic, and world-famous political columnist.
90	Jonathan Edwards	1703-1758	Metaphysical theorist, Christian Puritan theological theorist, tirelessly teaches people and believes that the real virtue is the wholehearted love for God.
91	Lyman Beecher	1775-1863	Mrs. star’s father was an abolitionist and inspirational preacher.
92	John Steinbeck	1902-1968	He won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1962. He described the tragic picture of agricultural workers during the great depression.
93	Nat Turner	1800-1831	“Spartacus” slaves led slaves to rising (1831), killed 57 whites within a few days, and were sentenced to hanging after being captured. His ghost haunted southern whites for a century.
94	George Eastman	1854-1932	Inventor, and founder of Kodak photographic equipment company (1892).
95	Samuel Goldwyn	1882-1974	The film producer, who once presided over the MGM film company, has been famous in the Hollywood film industry for nearly 40 years.
96	Ralph Nader	1934-	A lawyer, leader of the consumer protection movement, and environmentalist, set up an “automobile safety center”. The modern “Don Quixote”, as the “third force” presidential candidate, went shirtless four times and failed to catch four times, diverting the votes of Democratic candidates and indirectly enabling George W. Bush to win the presidential election.
97	Stephen Foster	1826-1864	The first great American composer wrote about 200 songs, most of which wrote their own lyrics. The melody was simple and smooth, “Oh, Susanna!” “Old nigger” and “my old Kentucky hometown” have been singing for a long time.
98	Booker T. Washington	1856-1915	Black educator and politician founded Kentucky industrial normal college.
99	Richard Nixon	1913-1994	The 37th President of the United States (1969-1974), a Republican, his ice-melting trip opened the door to the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States. He broke the long-term ruling situation of the Democratic Party since Roosevelt’s new deal except for Eisenhower’s term, and resigned sadly due to the “Watergate incident”.
100	Herman Melville	1819-1891	The author of Moby Dick, later known as Shakespeare in the United States.

Quoted from Atlantic Monthly, December 2006， For reference only.

Top 100 Most Influential Historical Figures (Part 3): List of National Historical Figures (for reference only)

listenerxu — Sun, 15 May 2022 12:23:57 +0000

order	name	Historical time	Identity and influence
51	Margaret Sanger	1883-1966	The initiator of the family planning movement, founded and chaired the American family planning Alliance (1921-1928), organized the first World Population Conference in Geneva (1927), and later became the first president of the international family planning Federation
52	Joseph Smith	1805-1844	The founder of Mormon, a religious sect native to the United States, advocates polygamy. The man falsely claimed to see a “vision” and get the “book of Heaven (Book of Mormon)”. In 1830, he founded the “Church of Jesus Christ Eschatology (commonly known as Mormon)” in New York. After that, he was arrested and imprisoned and killed in prison
53	Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.	1841-1935	Jurist, justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (1902-1932), “the greatest dissident” and an advocate of freedom of speech. He wrote to the Supreme Court and expressed his views vigorously. His efforts finally improved the judicial system of the United States
54	Bill Gates	1955	Business giant, philanthropist and “Rockefeller” in the information age
55	John Quincy Adams	1767-1848	The 6th president of the United States (1825-1829), former Secretary of state of President Monroe (1817), the behind the scenes strategist of Monroe Doctrine, and the chief designer of the rules of the American diplomatic game in the 19th century.
56	Horace Mann	1796-1859	He spared no effort to advocate the universal compulsory education system, which won him the title of “father of American education”.
57	Robert E. Lee	1807-1870	Former general of the northern army, he defected during the American Civil War and was appointed commander in chief of the Southern Army (1862). He directed the army northward with flexible strategies and tactics and severely damaged the federal army. After the defeat and surrender, he devoted himself to education.
58	John C. Calhoun	1782-1850	The vice president of the United States (1825-1832), the defender of the interests of the southern states, strongly defended slavery.
59	Louis Sullivan	1856-1924	Father of skyscrapers.
60	William Faulkner	1897-1962	The winner of the Nobel Prize in literature in 1949 and the leader of the American “Southern Literature” school, he explained a dreamy American south through hardships with literature.
61	Samuel Gompers	1850-1924	The greatest labor leader in the United States, he created the golden age of trade unions.
62	William James	1842-1910	American philosopher and psychologist, pragmatist, founder of functional psychology, known as “the father of American psychology”.
63	George Catlett Marshall Jr.	1880-1959	As a general, he organized national forces into World War II; As a politician, he put forward the “Marshall Plan”, rebuilt Europe and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953.
64	Jane Addams	1860-1935	A female social reformer, a “secular saint” who helps the poor and the weak, and a pacifist. Hall hall, a social welfare organization founded in Chicago’s slums in 1889, won the Nobel Peace Prize with Nicolas Murray Butler in 1931.
65	Henry David Thoreau	1817-1862	Writer, the representative of American Transcendentalism movement and the outcast of mainstream social thought, his thought has inspired people who seek to return to nature for 150 years.
66	Elvis Presley	1935-1977	Rock star – “Elvis Presley”
67	P. T. Barnum	1810-1891	The introduction of circus performance techniques into film and television programs has caused a sensation in the film and television industry
68	James Dewey Watson	1928-	A famous biologist who discovered the double helix molecular structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), thus revealing the code of life. In 1962, he shared the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine with Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins of the United Kingdom
69	James Gordon Bennett Sr.	1795-1872	The New York Herald, the first modern American newspaper, was founded in 1835
70	William Clark	1770-1838	And Meriwether Lewis (1774-1809): explorers, who explored the west, followed by millions of Americans.
71	Noah Webster	1758-1843	Although he did not create “American English”, he compiled the American English dictionary.
72	Sam Walton	1918-1992	The Wal Mart chain supermarket he founded has changed the consumption mode of Americans and also affected the business philosophy of large shopping malls. Its slogan is: “there is a preferential price every day”.
73	Cyrus McCormick	1809-1884	His combine harvester ended the history of traditional agriculture and opened a new chapter of agricultural modernization.
74	Brigham Young	1801-1877	He inherited the mantle of Joseph Smith and led some Mormons to find paradise to Salt Lake City. The first governor of Utah (1849-1857) promoted the development of the western United States. Young Birmingham University is named after him.
75	Babe Ruth	1895-1948	Top professional baseball player, one of the first five people to enter the American Baseball Hall of honor.

Quoted from Atlantic Monthly, December 2006，For reference only.

Top 100 Most Influential Historical Figures (Part 2): List of National Historical Figures (for reference only)

listenerxu — Sun, 15 May 2022 12:03:51 +0000

order	name	Historical time	Identity and influence
26	Walt Disney	1901-1966	His fairy tale kingdom “Disneyland” is incomparable
27	Eli Whitney	1765-1825	The mechanical engineer invented the gin and created a cotton spinning empire
28	Dwight D. Eisenhower	1890-1969	The 34th President of the United States (1953-1961), fought a Korean War and won two presidential elections
29	Earl Warren	1891-1974	The 14th chief justice of the United States (1953-1969) and the 30th governor of California (1943-1953), he is widely regarded as one of the most influential chief justices and leaders in American history. Under his administration, the U.S. Supreme Court defended the concept of civil rights in American society, set off an epoch-making constitutional revolution in American history, and left the political heritage of cultural conflict to the United States, Warren Court has made many landmark decisions, such as establishing the “one person, one vote” democratic electoral system in the United States, prohibiting apartheid, reforming the arrest procedure (Miranda warning), fighting McCarthyism, protecting freedom of speech and freedom of marriage
30	Elizabeth Cady Stanton	1815-1902	One of the greatest feminists in the United States has fought for women’s rights.
31	Henry Clay	1777-1852	Former Secretary of state (1825 ~ 1829) and Senator (1831 ~ 1842) advocated the establishment of “American system”, advocated mutual compromise between the north and the south of the United States, and delayed the outbreak of the civil war for decades.
32	Albert Einstein	1879-1955	The winner of the Nobel Prize in physics in 1921 completed the greatest scientific research of his life in Europe; In the United States, his theory of relativity and humanitarian feelings made him immortal. In 1939, with the assistance of Leo sirard and others, he wrote a letter to Franklin Roosevelt, the then president of the United States, which directly contributed to the launch of the Manhattan plan. After World War II, he actively advocated peace and opposed the use of nuclear weapons, and signed the Russell Einstein declaration
33	Ralph Waldo Emerson	1803-1882	A bard advocating individualism, he is the pioneer of American Transcendentalism movement.
34	onas Salk	1914-1995	The inactivated polio vaccine invented by him eradicated polio, one of the most terrible plagues in the world.
35	Jackie Robinson	1919-1972	The Black Baseball ace broke the “color barrier” in sports.
36	William Jennings Bryan	1860-1925	Doves who advocated “peace is precious” resigned because they opposed participating in World War I and advocated strict neutrality. The “greatest congressman” ran for president on behalf of the Democratic Party for three times and finally won the post of secretary of state (1913-1915). His populist ideas and counterbalance of power shaped the American populism.
37	John Pierpont Morgan	1837-1913	Financial oligarchs and railway transportation giants
38	Susan B. Anthony	1820-1906	She cried out to give American women equal rights with the justice of the law.
39	Rachel Carson	1907-1964	Author of silent spring, the first work of environmentalism.
40	John Dewey	1859-1952	A famous American philosopher, educator and psychologist who advocated that the educational principles of national schools should be based on the concept of democracy. He is one of the most famous scholars in the United States in the first half of the 20th century and one of the greatest educational reformers in the 20th century.
41	Harriet Beecher Stowe	1811-1896	Uncle Tom’s Cabin inspired a generation of “abolitionist movement” and brought the civil war to the stage of history.
42	Anna Eleanor Roosevelt	1884-1962	A state activist, he once served as the representative of the United States to the United Nations (1945; 1949-1952; 1961) and the chairman of the United Nations Commission on human rights (1946-1951). During his tenure, he urged the United Nations to adopt the Universal Declaration of human rights. With the influence of the “first lady” of the United States and the power of the mass media, she created a real image of the “first lady of the world”.
43	W. E. B. Du Bois	1868-1963	American radical black leaders, writers, historians and social activists participated in the founding of the National Association for the advancement of colored people (1909) and led the Pan African movement. They turned to the American Communist Party in 1961 and later joined Ghana as a pioneer of “black international”. His work “black flame” expresses his fighting spirit.
44	Lyndon B. Johnson	1908-1973	The 36th president of the United States (1963-1969), he wisely promulgated the bill of rights, but stubbornly fell into the quagmire of the Vietnam War.
45	Samuel Morse	1791-1872	Before Morse’s era, the fastest way for human beings to contact the Internet was by electronic code
46	William Lloyd Garrison	1805-1879	In 1831, he founded the liberator, participated in the establishment of the American anti slavery Association (1833) and served as the chairman (1843 ~ 1865), promoted the abolition movement and supported the abolition declaration.
47	Frederick Douglass	1817-1895	Born as a slave, he is the leader of the American abolitionist and human rights movement. He attacked the ethics and morality of the United States, counted the crimes of the slave system, declared his support for Lincoln’s wise leadership, and opposed the secession of the southern states from the Union and the division of the country.
48	Robert J. Oppenheimer	1904-1967	The chief scientist of the Manhattan Project, known as the “father of the atomic bomb” of mankind, is a professor at the University of California, Berkeley. Later, he served as the chairman and general adviser of the American Atomic Energy Commission (1947-1952) and the president of the Princeton Institute of advanced research. He deeply regretted that he had become a midwife in the era of thermonuclear weapons. He was ordered to be demobilized and returned to the field for opposing the US government’s trial production of hydrogen bombs.
49	Frederick Law Olmsted	1822-1903	Landscape architect and proponent of greening American cities, Central Park in New York is his masterpiece.
50	James K. Polk	1795-1849	The 11th president of the United States (1845-1849). His four-year term was enough for him to seize the vast land of California, Texas and the southwest from his weak neighbors in the south through war.

Quoted from Atlantic Monthly, December 2006，For reference only.

The 100 Most Influential People in History (Part 1): List of Historical Figures in the United States (for reference only)

listenerxu — Sun, 15 May 2022 08:47:35 +0000

order	name	Historical time	Identity and Influence
1	Abraham Lincoln	1809-1865	The 16th president of the United States (1861-1865), won the American Civil War (American Civil War), saved the country, abolished slavery, liberated black slaves, modernized the American economy, and rebuilt the United States, In his famous Gettysburg Address, he once said: “government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not exist from the earth”.
2	George Washington	1732-1799	The first president of the United States (1789-1797) founded the United States of America, drove away a king who refused to become king and formulated the rules for the maximum term of office of the president of the United States (up to two terms).
3	Thomas Jefferson	1743-1826	The third president of the United States (1801-1809), the main drafter of the declaration of independence, wrote the five most important words in American History: “all men are created equal”. He also founded the University of Virginia.
4	Franklin D. Roosevelt	1882-1945	The 32nd president of the United States (1933-1945) used Roosevelt’s new deal to help the United States get rid of the financial crisis. He warned the United States of adversity: “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”.
5	Alexander Hamilton	1755-1804	The first US Secretary of the Treasury (1789-1795), a soldier, banker, scientist, and politician, led the United States from an agricultural society to an industrial society.
6	Benjamin Franklin	1706-1790	Born in Boston, Massachusetts, USA, he is a famous American politician, physicist, publisher, printer, journalist, writer, and philanthropist; He is also an outstanding diplomat and inventor. He participated in the drafting of a number of important documents and served as the U.S. ambassador to France, which successfully won France’s support for U.S. independence. Benjamin Franklin carried out many experiments on electricity and invented the lightning rod. He also invented bifocal glasses, frog shoes, and so on. Benjamin Franklin was elected an academician of the Royal Society. He was the first Postmaster in the United States.
7	John Marshall	1755-1835	The fourth chief justice of the United States (1801-1835), was the main founder of the separation of powers system in the United States.
8	Martin Luther King Jr.	1929-1968	I have a dream to express my dream of racial equality with an impassioned speech. Although the road is long and arduous, no one else can see higher and go further than him.
9	Thomas Edison	1847-1931	Incandescent lamp, phonograph, carbon microphone, film projector… He founded the world’s first industrial research laboratory, with 1093 invention patents.
10	Thomas Woodrow Wilson	1856-1924	The 28th president of the United States (1913-1921), the initiator of the League of Nations, and the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919.
11	John D. Rockefeller	1839-1937	He founded Ohio standard oil company, was the founder of the first trust in the United States (1881), was the richest man in modern human history, and also founded the University of Chicago and Rockefeller University.
12	Ulysses S. Grant	1822-1885	The 18th president of the United States (1869-1877), a capable general under Lincoln during the American Civil War, advocated amnesty for the “rebels” and reconstruction of the suffering south, although facing the dilemma of financial constraints after the war.
13	James Madison	1751-1836	The 4th president of the United States (1809-1817), the father of the United States Constitution, and the drafter of the bill of rights.
14	Henry Ford	1863-1947	Automobile manufacturer, inventor of the t-car and assembly line production method, and the birth mother of the American automobile era.
15	Theodore Roosevelt	1858-1919	The 26th president of the United States (1901-1909), an ambitious and hard-working politician and winner of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1906, built canals, supported trusts, and made great contributions to the United States entering the promising 20th century.
16	Mark Twain	1835-1910	A writer and writer, he is the most faithful recorder of American national life.
17	Ronald W. Reagan	1911-2004	The 40th president of the United States (1981-1989), the flag bearer of the conservative alliance, launched the “Star Wars” program and contributed to the end of the cold war.
18	Andrew Jackson	1767-1845	The 7th president of the United States (1829-1837), who made great achievements in defending New Orleans and defeating the British Army during the second war of resistance against Britain. As the first great populist, he was deeply rooted in democratic ideas and rooted the republican system.
19	Thomas Paine	1737-1809	The first great Radicalise in American history wrote books and spoke out for America’s independence.
20	Andrew Carnegie	1835-1919	A self-improvement steel giant, a philanthropist, is one of the founders of Carnegie Mellon University.
21	Harry S. Truman	1884-1972	The 33rd president of the United States (1945-1953) brought the United States and the world into the atomic age and then brought the world into the era of the cold war.
22	Walt Whitman	1819-1892	Poets praise the motherland and shape the American spirit.
23	Wilbur Wright	1867-1912	Orville Wright (1871-1948): the Wright brothers invented the plane. The two brothers brought mankind from the ground to the sky and realized the dream of flying
24	Alexander Graham Bell	1847-1922	The invention of the telephone made the world smaller
25	John Adams	1735-1826	The second president of the United States (1797-1801), one of the flag bearers of the American War of independence, and the first ambassador to Britain after the founding of the people’s Republic of China (1785-1788), he consolidated the American Republican system.

Quoted from Atlantic Monthly, December 2006， For reference only.

Top 100 Most Influential Historical Figures (Part V): List of Chinese Historical Figures (for reference only)

listenerxu — Sun, 15 May 2022 08:16:40 +0000

order	name	Historical time	status	consequence
81	Luo Guanzhong	about1330－about1400	The author of the romance of the Three Kingdoms	It is the originator of Chinese Chapter novels, marking the completion of the transition from the “vernacular” stage to full-length chapter style in ancient Chinese novels. The influence of its novels goes deep into the hearts of the people, and even Nurhachi learns its wisdom. The romance of the Three Kingdoms created the precedent of historical novels, and countless historical novels have inherited and developed historical romance.
82	Xu Shen	About 58- -about 147	The Eastern Han Dynasty famous philologist (known as “the word holy”), linguist	His work Shuowen Jiezi is the first book in philology and the most authoritative book. It is an indispensable bridge and key to exploring ancient culture and studying ancient prose. Without the spread of this book, we would not be able to understand the seal script since the Qin and Han Dynasties, not to mention the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty, the gold inscriptions of the Shang and Zhou Dynasty, and the ancient inscriptions of Warring States period.
83	Gu Kaizhi	348-409	Eastern Jin Dynasty painter, painting theorist	In the history of Chinese painting, the Wei, Jin, Southern, and Northern Dynasties are a very important historical period. Gu Kaizhi, who is respected as the ancestor of painting, and his scroll painting are the most representative. His painting of Luoshen Fu had a far-reaching impact on later Chinese paintings. Gu Kaizhi’s argument of “writing God by form” and his “six methods” have laid a foundation for the development of Chinese traditional painting. The influence of painters is still lower than that of calligraphers and writers.
84	Shen Kuo	1031-1095	The scientist of the Northern Song Dynasty was called the most outstanding figure in the history of Chinese science by Joseph Needham, a British scientist. His Mengxi Bi Tan plays an important role in the history of world culture	Mengxi Bi Tan is an encyclopedic work, covering astronomy, mathematics, geography, physics, biology, medicine, military, archaeology, music, and other disciplines. It’s just that science in ancient China was far less influential than literature!
85	Yang Yuhuan	719-756	The imperial concubine of the Tang Dynasty was one of the four most famous beauties in ancient China	Yang Guifei was born beautiful and can be called the first beauty in the Tang Dynasty. She has been unparalleled for more than a thousand years. Yang Guifei’s legendary and true love story has been handed down among the people for thousands of years. Yang Yuhuan is also the most influential empress in the world. Her influence is longer and broader than that of Princess Diana in modern Britain! Such a low ranking may be set by the male chauvinism of the Chinese people’s Congress
86	Xuan Zang	602－664	The famous master of Sanzang in the Tang Dynasty, one of the greatest Sutra translators in the history of Chinese Buddhism, and the founder of the Chinese Buddhist Dharma xiangweishi sect	Xuanzang’s Scripture learning was a feat in history. He is not the first monk to go to Tianzhu to learn scriptures, but his achievements are particularly great, his influence is particularly great, and his cultural significance is particularly far-reaching. He is not only a cultural giant in China, but also a cultural celebrity in the world. However, the influence of eminent monks is not necessarily above beauty!
87	Liang Qichao	1873-1929	The representative figures of China’s modern reformers are the ideological enlighteners, bourgeois propagandists, political activists, educators, and historians of modern China	He was one of the leaders of the reform movement of 1898 (Hundred Days Reform). He deeply participated in and influenced China’s great social activists in the transformation from the old society to the modern society. His historical works have far-reaching influence and are the founders of new historiography! However, the influence of science is not necessarily above religion!
88	Emperor Xiaowen of Wei	467-499	He is an outstanding minority politician, strategist, and reformer	He advocates Chinese culture, implements sinicization, bans Hu clothes and Hu language, changes weights and measures, promotes education, and changes surnames. It is a summary and measure of ethnic integration after the Xianbei nationality, including all ethnic groups in the northwest, successively entered the Central Plains. He has improved the influence and cohesion of Han people in ethnic minorities. But the emperor’s reform is not necessarily more far-reaching than the social reformers!
89	Guan Hanqing	about1220-1300	Yuan Dynasty dramatist, “one of the world’s cultural celebrities”	Guan Hanqing is a great writer in the history of Chinese literature and drama. He has created many Zaju and Sangu in his life and achieved outstanding achievements. He is a representative figure in the creation of ancient Chinese opera. His tragedy “Dou E’s injustice” is not ashamed of being listed as the world’s great tragedy “, but his influence has always been overestimated!
90	Peng Dehuai	1898-1974	He is one of the founders of the Chinese people’s Liberation Army, the founding father of the Republic, and one of the most important “Heroes”	Peng Dehuai has long served as one of the main leaders and decision-makers of the Communist army and organized the hundred regiments war during the war of resistance against Japan. Peng Dehuai became the most famous general and even an outstanding national hero in China’s modern history in the first World War of the Korean War!
91	Cao Xueqin	About 1724 – about 1764	Novelists of the Qing Dynasty	After ten years, he created a dream of red mansions with rich content, profound thought, and exquisite art, which pushed the creation of Chinese classical novels to the peak and occupied a very important position in the development history of world literature. ” Without talking about the dream of Red Mansions, it is useless to read all the poems and books. “This immortal masterpiece represents the highest achievement of Chinese novels so far, so it has a far-reaching impact on intellectuals and Chinese culture!
92	Li Shizhen	1518-1593	A great ancient Chinese medical scientist and pharmacist, he was listed as a famous person in the ancient world in 1951	His work compendium of Materia Medica is an unprecedented masterpiece of Chinese pharmacology, involving biology, chemistry, mineralogy, and geology. It has made great contributions to the development of Chinese pharmacology. Darwin praised it as “An Encyclopedia of ancient China”.
93	Cai Yuanpei	1868－1940	Cai Yuanpei went to Germany and France to study and investigate several times, studying philosophy, literature, aesthetics, psychology, and cultural history, which laid an ideological and theoretical foundation for his commitment to reforming feudal education	When Cai Yuanpei was the director general of education and President of Peking University, he opened the wind of “academic” and “freedom” and made great contributions to the development of China’s new culture and education.
94	Ban Gu	32 -92	Ban Gu, a historian of the Eastern Han Dynasty, wrote the first chronological history of the Han Dynasty in Chinese history	New forms of content such as criminal law annals and geography annals have been added to Hanshu. Geographical records recorded the administrative divisions, historical evolution, and household registration figures of the counties and countries at that time, as well as the economic development and customs, which made Ban Gu an influential historical geographer in Chinese feudal society.
95	Jin Yong	1924—2018	The most famous Chinese writer of martial arts novels	Jin Yong’s novels have been popular in China for decades, known as “where there are Chinese, there are Jin Yong’s martial arts novels”, and more than a dozen of Jin Yong’s novels have developed and precipitated into Chinese classic novels, just like China’s four famous novels, forever shining!
96	Chen Zhenlong	About 1543 ~ 1619	The impact of sweet potatoes on China is enormous. It has saved hundreds of millions of people in China	Although it is only a matter of time before sweet potatoes enter China, and there are more than three routes when sweet potatoes enter China in the late Ming Dynasty, Chen Zhenlong and his family played the largest and huge role in the introduction, dissemination, and promotion of sweet potatoes! He is worthy of being the “father of sweet potato”.
97	Ma Hua teng	1971-	One of the main founders of Tencent, also known as “the father of QQ”, was selected as one of the 100 most authoritative and influential people in the world by American Time magazine“	At present, QQ has nearly 1 billion registered users at home and abroad, and more than 100 million online users. QQ has changed Chinese people’s way of life and behavior, and even values and outlook on life. Its influence is explosive! However, the history of influence is still short, so it is later.
98	Chen Sheng	? -208 BC	It is known as the “first leader of peasant uprising” in Chinese history	Chen Sheng is the first person to fight against brutal rule civilians in three generations (Xia, Shang, and Zhou for more than 1000 years). Although “officials force the people to oppose” is the affordability of the people and the necessity of human history, Chen Sheng’s first uprising as a bottom society (or oppressed class) still plays a strong exemplary role. The reason why Chen Sheng is not in the top position is that there are more elements pushed onto the stage by history.
99	Zhang Zeduan	1085-1145	A painter of the Northern Song Dynasty, his genre painting “the picture of the river during the Qingming Festival” is one of the world-famous paintings	In the more than 800 years since its publication, it has been played and appreciated by countless collectors and connoisseurs, which is the goal of later emperors and dignitaries. The picture of the river during the Qingming Festival provides important historical materials for future generations to understand and study the urban social life of the Song Dynasty. Since then, all the urban genre paintings drawn in previous dynasties have been affected by it.
100	Bruce Lee	1940-1973	A generation of martial artists, a famous kung fu film emperor, and the founder of kung fu films	He is the first person to spread Chinese Kung Fu to the world and the first Chinese to enter Hollywood. He has great influence all over the world! He revolutionized the development of martial arts and kung fu films in the world. His physique and strength have set off an upsurge in Chinese fitness.

Chinese historical figures are analyzed and listed in no chronological order as the top 100 most influential historical celebrities. Influence does not take into account who is famous, significant, outstanding, widely circulated or influential for a while, but rather which person in history has changed the course of Chinese history, the direction of development, people’s livelihood and economy, and way of life, and whether it has changed the outlook on life, values, the ideology of most people in history The history of China’s history is not just about the people, but about which person changed the course of history, the direction of development, the livelihoods, the economy and the way of life. For reference and study only!

Top 100 Most Influential Historical Figures (Part IV): List of Chinese Historical Figures (for reference only)

listenerxu — Sun, 15 May 2022 07:26:50 +0000

order	name	Historical time	status	consequence
61	Li Hongzhang	1823－1901	He was the most controversial historical figure in modern Chinese history and an important military and political official of the late Qing Dynasty who had influenced modern China for nearly half a century	He was the only one in the Qing Empire who could stand to compete with the world powers. In his life, he signed more than 30 treaties, including the Treaty of Shimonoseki, which cut Taiwan. He had outstanding diplomatic talent, which made the US President grant call him the first of the four great men in the world.
62	Wei Qing	? -106 BC	Military strategist of the Western Han Dynasty	He made a great contribution to the opening up of the territory of the Han Dynasty. He is a famous and victorious general in Chinese history. He and his nephew Huo Qubing are called the “imperial double”. The decisive battle between Han and Hungary determines the trend of Asian and even world history, while Wei Qing almost holds up half of the sky of the Han Dynasty against the Huns, and the battle of Mobei to annihilate the Huns can be regarded as a war to change human history. However, the occurrence of these events is more from Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty.
63	Zhu Rongji	1928-	The fifth premier of the new China	In the 1990s, China entered the largest and most unprecedented period of economic reform in human history. As a leader focusing on the economy, Zhu Rongji brought modern management methods and even western civilization. He was one of the decision-makers or executors of the market, capital, finance, stock market, insurance, independent job selection, reform of state-owned enterprises, and accession to the WTO at that time, which deeply affected China’s future development.
64	Xu Guangqi	1562－1633	Chinese scientists, agronomists, and politicians in the late Ming Dynasty were one of the pioneers of cultural exchanges between China and the West	His compilation of “complete agricultural administration” and “original geometry” has a great influence. Xu Guangqi contacted Matteo Ricci, the Jesuit leader who came to China to preach at that time and became the most powerful cadre in the church, known as the first of the “three pillars” of Chinese Catholicism, which made a great contribution to the introduction of western religion.
65	Ge Hong	284-364or343	He was a famous Taoist scholar in the Eastern Jin Dynasty	Ge Hong inherited and reformed the immortal theory of early Taoism, including keeping one, exercising Qi, practicing Dan, guiding, and room art, which made great contributions to the development of Taoism. Ge Hong’s Alchemy and thought had a great influence on the development of alchemy in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Neidan’s thoughts had a great influence on the later people and emperors. Ge Hong also made great contributions to traditional Chinese medicine.
66	Sima Guang	1019－1086	author of the history Zizhi Tongjian	He mainly did these two things in his life, compiling Zizhi Tongjian and opposing Wang Anshi’s new law. Zizhi Tongjian is a famous historical work in ancient China. It is the largest chronicle in China. It has always been valued and read by people. It plays a very important role in Chinese history books. In history, Sima Guang was regarded as one of the three saints of Confucianism (the other two were Confucius and Mencius)
67	Zhuge Liang	181-234	Prime Minister and outstanding statesman of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period	In addition to the influence of the romance of the Three Kingdoms, we can know from Du Fu’s Shu Xiang and Lu You’s book anger that Zhuge Liang, as a famous Minister of the wise, as the author of the teacher’s example, as a model of the honest and upright performance of official duties, has always been respected by the ruling classes, scholars and officials of all dynasties and loved by the people. Zhuge Liang also contributed to the development of Sichuan and southwest China.
68	Kang Youwei	1858-1927	Famous politicians, thinkers, and social reformers in modern times	Kang Youwei was the most influential thinker in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. At that time, he led the Enlightenment of Chinese intellectual circles. Kang Youwei was one of the first people to explore constitutionalism in China, and he advocated the integration of China and the West into the political system for the first time.
69	Sui Yangdi	569-618	One of China’s most famous tyrants?	Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty ordered the excavation and construction of the “Grand Canal”, but it inadvertently became the main artery of China’s economy. It was an epoch-making event in China’s history to improve the imperial examination system and set up the Jinshi Section. The expansion of territory shocked all around. From then on, the system of the Chinese dynasty, which had influenced the Central Plains Dynasty for more than 1500 years, began.
70	Yuan Longping	1930-2021	The pioneer of China’s hybrid rice industry is contemporary Shennong, known as the “father of hybrid rice”.	It has made great contributions to solving the problem of eating for the Chinese people. The hybrid rice technology invented by Yuan Longping has solved the problem of feeding 35 million people in the world. The newspaper once quoted farmers as saying: “we have enough to eat and rely on two ‘evenings’, Deng Xiaoping and Yuan Longping. “Yuan Longping saved far more people than Bai Qi killed.
71	Bai Qi	? -257 BC	Known as the “God of war”, he is the most brilliant general in Chinese history	Bai Qi led the army to win every battle in his life and wiped out more than 1 million troops from the six countries. As long as the six countries’ troops heard that he led the troops to fight, they trembled. The battle of Changping killed more than 400000 Zhao troops, which can be said to be the cruelest battle in the world’s military history. The battle of Changping has a far-reaching impact on the trend of Chinese history. Baiqi is the hero.
72	Wu Daozi	About 680-759	Wu Daozi is a versatile painter, known as the “saint of painting”	At the same time, Wu Daozi is the founder of Chinese landscape painting. He created the “sparse style” of mountains and rivers with far meanings between brushes, which made mountains and rivers become an independent kind of painting, thus ending the vassal status of mountains and rivers only as the background of figure painting. The emergence of Wu Daozi is a glorious page in the history of Chinese figure painting.
73	Wang Anshi	1021-1086	Outstanding statesmen, thinkers, writers, and reformers in the Northern Song Dynasty	He was one of the eight great poets in the Tang and Song Dynasties and an outstanding poet. He had a great influence on the development of later Song poetry. Wang Anshi was praised by Lenin as “the great reformer of China in the 11th century”. Wang Anshi’s reform and the new deal of the United States in the 1930s are both events with great influence in the history of the world economy, but their significance is greater than the actual impact!
74	Qian Xuesen	1911-2009	China’s outstanding scientists in modern times, the founders of China’s aerospace industry, and one of the important founders and main founders of human aerospace science and technology	Qian Xuesen has made immeasurable contributions to new China’s high technology and is known as “the father of China’s aerospace”, “the father of China’s missiles”, “the king of Rockets” and “the father of China’s automatic control”. The influence of China’s aerospace is Qian Xuesen’s influence.
75	Wang Fuzhi	1619-1692	He was an outstanding thinker and philosopher in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties and the terminator of Chinese classical philosophy	Wang Fuzhi’s thoughts had a great influence on later generations. It was once praised by foreigners as the highest stage of the development of medieval philosophy. Wang Fuzhi’s philosophy is the essence of the spirit of the times under the special historical conditions of China in the 17th century and occupies a high position in the history of Chinese philosophy.
76	Wang Shouren	1472-1529	Also known as Wang Yangming. Wang Shouren is a master of subjective idealism in the song and Ming Dynasties. He is the most famous thinker and philosopher in the Ming Dynasty	Wang Shouren is a master of subjective idealism in the song and Ming Dynasties. He is the most famous thinker and philosopher in the Ming Dynasty. He developed Lu Jiuyuan’s theory which became “Lu Wang’s mind theory” to resist the Cheng Zhu school. Wang Shouren is a rare omnipotent Confucian in Chinese history. His academic thought has had important and far-reaching influence in China, Japan, the Korean Peninsula, Southeast Asian countries, and even the world. It is difficult to distinguish the influence of the two kings!
77	Deng Jiaxian	1924-1986	Outstanding scientists in modern China	Deng Jiaxian is one of the founders of China’s theoretical research on nuclear weapons.
78	Li Qingzhao	1084－1155	The poetess of the Song Dynasty, the first representative of the graceful school, had a great influence on later generations	The bold and unrestrained style in her Ci works made her unique in the Song Dynasty, which had a great influence on later poets such as Xin Qiji and Lu you. Li Qingzhao is one of the most outstanding female talents in the history of Chinese literature, which has had a great influence on Chinese women.
79	Yuan shi kai	1859－1916	The meritorious people who promoted China’s modernization actively developed industry, abolished the imperial examination, established schools, established China’s first new army, and so on	Yuan Shikai did three things that influenced the trend of history. First, he did not stand on the side of Emperor Guangxu, which led to the failure of the reform movement of 1898; second, he did not stand on the side of the Qing Dynasty, which led to the demise of the Qing Dynasty; third, he did not stand on the side of the Republic, which led to the scuffle of warlords.
80	Yan Zhenqing	709-784？	Outstanding calligrapher in the Mid-Tang Dynasty	The “Yan ti” regular script he founded is one of the “four masters of regular script”. His calligraphy is called “Yan ti” and “Yan Liu” together with Liu Gongquan, which is known as “Yan Jin Liu Gu” “Yan ti” has a majestic and supernatural style. It is known as the first in cursive writing. It stands tall in the calligraphy world and is loved and imitated by people from generation to generation.

Top 100 Most Influential Historical Figures (Part III): List of Chinese Historical Figures (for reference only)

listenerxu — Sun, 15 May 2022 06:46:47 +0000

order	name	Historical time	status	consequence
41	Sun Zi	544 BC-470 BC	It is named Sun Wu, known as “soldier saint” and “the division of hundred generations of strategists”.	Sun Tzu’s art of war, a masterpiece with 13 chapters, is highly praised by later military strategists and is known as the “military canon”. Its military thought, military system and literary language have had a far-reaching impact on later generations! Sun Wu’s military speech and thought have influenced famous generals and wars of all dynasties. This famous work has been popular all over the world in modern times.
42	Yue Fei	1103－1142	The national heroes of the Northern Song Dynasty and Han Dynasty are also the national heroes of the Chinese people in a narrow sense, which are almost well-known in China	For more than 800 years, his patriotism and unyielding sentiment have inspired countless Han people to serve the country generously for the suffering country. He and the great Yu, Li Shimin, Du Fu, Bao Zheng, Wen Tianxiang, Lin Zexu of the Chinese nation have all become well-known historical giants.
43	Tao Yuanming	About 365-427	Poets, writers, poets and essayists in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty and the early Southern Song Dynasty	The originator of pastoral poets and the author of the peach blossom garden. Many people like and even learn Tao Yuanming’s life philosophy of sticking to the cold house, expressing his interest in the countryside and retreating to the mountains and forests, as well as his life style of diluting remoteness, tranquility, nature and transcendence. The influence of him and Yue Fei can be said to be one Wen and one Wu, one negative and one positive.
44	Yi Yin	About 1630 BC-1550 BC	Outstanding statesman and strategist	Yi Yin had outstanding political and military talents. He became the Prime Minister of several kings of the Shang Dynasty, laid a firm political foundation for the continuation of the Shang Dynasty for more than 600 years, and became the first famous prime minister in China’s history. Later generations respected him as a saint because he promoted the development of Chinese history, including the development of Chinese culture.
45	Cixi	1835-1908	Cixi was one of the few women who had been in power for a long time in the imperial era	She listened to the government three times, decided the crown prince two times, acted arbitrarily and carried the national pulse of the Qing Dynasty in her hands, which greatly affected the trend of modern Chinese history. Her stupidity and ignorance hindered China’s progress, her outstanding ability avoided China’s division and overall chaos, and she made China slide into the abyss of semi colonial and semi feudal.
46	Sun Simiao	581-682	They are called “medicine king” or “medicine saint”	He was a famous doctor and Taoist in the Tang Dynasty. He was known as the “king of medicine” or “saint of medicine”. Due to the great influence of Qianjin Yaofang and Qianjin Yifang, these two works are known as the Medical Encyclopedia of ancient China, which played a historical role of connecting the Han and Wei dynasties and the song and Yuan Dynasties. His Dan Jing recorded the formula of gunpowder for the first time and was one of the main inventors of gunpowder!
47	Zhou Dunyi	1017-1073	Philosopher and founder of Neo Confucianism	His Neo Confucianism thought played a role of connecting the past and the future in the history of Chinese philosophy, and had a wide impact on the academic in the next 700 years. Zhou Dunyi is the initiator of systematic discussion on the origin of the world as a philosophical issue. For example, the philosophical categories of infinity, Tai Chi, yin and Yang, five elements, movement and stillness, life, good and evil have become the research topics of later Neo Confucianism.
48	Xun Kuang	About 313 BC- 238 BC	Known as Xunzi, he is a famous thinker, writer and politician	Han Fei and Li Si are his disciples, but he is one of the representatives of Confucianism. Xunzi developed Confucianism, established the materialist thought of “man conquers nature” and advocated the theory of evil nature, which is often compared with Mencius’s theory of good nature. Xunzi was the first person to use fu and was called “the ancestor of Ci Fu” together with Qu Yuan.
49	Zeng Guofan	1811-1872	A historical figure with great influence in modern history	He founded the Hunan army and suppressed the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom movement, the largest peasant uprising in Chinese history and different from Chinese culture. He advocated the Westernization Movement. China’s first ship, the first military academy, the first translation and printing of Western books, the first batch of students studying in the United States, and so on went one after another. As a master of Confucianism, he deserves to be “the first perfect person in China through the ages”.
50	Yang Yan	727-781	Financial reformer in the Tang Dynasty, an advocate of two tax laws	He put forward the financial concept of “living within the limits of income” opposite to the principle of “living within the limits of income” after the Western Zhou Dynasty and put forward the two tax laws of capital and tax instead of the system of living within the limits of income and tax since the Western Jin Dynasty, which is an epoch-making measure. The two tax laws were used by future generations, which is a major reform of the tax and servitude system in Chinese feudal society and has a far-reaching impact on future generations.
51	Tang Xuanzong	685－762	Emperor of Tang Dynasty	He is a historical figure with outstanding merits and demerits. In the early stage of Tang Xuanzong’s reign, he placed great importance on virtuous officials, made great efforts to govern the country, and continued the development of social economy and culture, creating a “prosperous era of Kaiyuan” in Chinese history. However, in the later stage of his reign, he indulged in wine and lust, placed great importance on treacherous officials and political corruption, and finally broke out the rebellion of a Shi, which led to the decline of the Tang Dynasty.
52	Mozi	479 BCE-381 BCE	The founder of Mohism in the pre-Qin Dynasty had a great influence on the history of Chinese philosophy and was called “outstanding learning” together with Confucianism“	Its social ethics thought takes universal love as the core and opposes the concept of social hierarchy emphasized by Confucianism. Mohism basically disappeared after the Western Han Dynasty. Mozi was also a natural scientist. He created a set of scientific theories with great achievements. It is the thought of dialectical materialism and dialectical materialism, which has a certain influence in ancient times.
53	Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty	From 6 BC-57	The founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty	In the last years of Xinmang, after more than ten years of unification war, Liu Xiu successively destroyed many separatist regimes, which made the land of China, which had been in dispute and war for more than 20 years, unified again. After the world was settled, Liu Xiu implemented the national policy of “Yan Wu Xiu Wen”, developed production, and vigorously promoted Confucianism, thus laying the foundation of the later Han Dynasty for nearly 200 years.
54	Kublai khan	1215－1294	The grandson of Genghis Khan founded the Yuan Dynasty in 1271	Mongolia and the Yuan Dynasty collected Yunnan and Tibet to achieve national reunification. Kublai Khan belittled the Han people and carried out national oppression. During his reign, Han law was adopted to establish various political systems. Set up provinces to create the end of China’s provincial system. The establishment of the Yuan Dynasty justifies the continuation of Chinese civilization!
55	Chiang Kai Shek	1887-1975	The main leaders of the party, government, and army during the Kuomintang Administration	Since Chiang Kai Shek followed the revolution led by Sun Yat Sen, after crusading East and West, he has nominally or formally unified China, which has been in a scuffle among warlords or anarchy. As the general representative of bureaucratic capitalism and feudalism, he carried out an armed struggle with the Communist Party led by Mao Zedong to determine the historical trend, which had a great impact in modern times.
56	Han Yu	768-824	Tang dynasty literati, thinker, and advocate of the ancient prose movement in Tang Dynasty	Su Shi in the Song Dynasty called him “the decline of the eight generations of literature”. People in the Ming Dynasty promoted him as the head of the eight families in the Tang and Song dynasties. He was also known as “Han Liu” together with Liu Zongyuan. He was known as the “great master of literature” and “Wenzong of hundreds of generations”. His prose achievements were outstanding and influenced later generations! Du Mu juxtaposed Korean with Du poetry and called him “Du poetry Han pen”.
57	Wang Xizhi	About 303-about 361	Calligrapher of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, known as the sage of calligraphy	Its preface to Lanting is famous for thousands of years, and its composition is the first in ancient and modern times! Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy has influenced calligraphy from generation to generation. Many emperors and countless literati are also fascinated and worshipped, and continue to collect and learn, including fans such as Tang Taizong. In ancient times, the influence of calligraphy and painting was slightly inferior to that of literature, so it ranked behind Han Yu.
58	Jiang Ziya	1128 BC-1015 BC	Jiang Shang, also known as LV Shang, is called “Yi Lv” together with Yi Yin“	Jiang Taigong was the founder of the Zhou Dynasty and the founder of the state of Qi and Qi culture. Jiang Ziya was an outstanding strategist, strategist, and politician with a long influence in ancient China. His historical status was respected in ancient books. Confucianism, Taoism, law, military, and political schools all recognized him as a figure of his own family and respected him as a “master of 100 schools”.
59	Zhou Enlai	1898-1976	The success of China’s vigorous communist revolution in modern and contemporary times has a contribution that Zhou cannot ignore	He has made outstanding contributions to the success and charisma of the Communist Party of China, which is second only to Mao Zedong. The economy, people’s livelihood, stability, and diplomacy at the beginning of new China will not leave Zhou. Zhou Enlai is a modern replica of Duke Zhou and Zhuge Liang.
60	Han Xin	About 231 BC-196 BC	The founding hero of the Western Han Dynasty, an outstanding strategist in Chinese history, is a representative of the “war-seeking” School of Chinese military thought	Its way of using troops has been highly praised by strategists of all dynasties. Han Xin left a large number of tactical allusions for later generations, such as building plank roads in the open, crossing Chencang in the dark, carrying water for camp, attacking halfway across, being besieged on all sides, ambushing on all sides, and so on. It is said that Han Xin created chess and kites.

Top 100 Most Influential Historical Figures (Part 2): List of Chinese Historical Figures (for reference only)

listenerxu — Sun, 15 May 2022 06:15:33 +0000

order	name	Historical time	status	consequence
21	Zhu Yuanzhang	1238-1398	The founding emperor of the Ming Dynasty	Zhu yuan zhang under the rule of the Mongolians established the unified han regime, make the east Asian continent power return to the hands of the Han people, also restored the Han nationality lost regime in traditional Chinese territory for a long time, restore and greatly enhance the status of the human nation and self-confidence, also repaired the vitality of the Chinese culture.
22	Dao An	312-385	The founder of the sinicization of Chinese Buddhism	Buddhism has a comprehensive influence on China. If Buddhism is created by someone in China, then its influence will rank first! Dao ‘an’s contributions to the sinicization of Buddhism include organizing monks, making Buddhist scriptures, formulating precepts, taking interpretation as surnames, compiling Buddhist scriptures, compiling scriptures, comprehensively photographing Buddhism, and so on. These measures determine the development direction of Chinese Buddhism.
23	Ran min	322？ -352	One of the most courageous battles in Chinese history was the (Ran) Wei Dynasty	Wu Hu Luanhua is the darkest era in Chinese history. Under the bloody massacre and national oppression of the Hu people, the Han nationality is facing the possibility of extinction for the first time! It was run Min who saved the Han people. He led the Han people to carry out a large-scale and barbaric counterattack against the Hu people. Ran min expelled humans from China by millions, creating space for the survival and development of the Han people. Without ran min, Chinese civilization may have been interrupted!
24	Zhang Qian	About 164 BC- 114 BC	He was a famous diplomat, explorer, and pioneer of the Silk Road in the Western Han Dynasty	According to legend, grapes, pomegranates, walnuts, and other objects were introduced into the Central Plains by Zhang Qian from the western regions, while western music, dance, painting, and acrobatics were also introduced into China, which had a positive impact on ancient Chinese culture and art and promoted the development of world civilization and society.
25	Shang Yang	About 395 BC-338 BC	He was a statesman, thinker, and representative of Legalism in the Warring States period	Some people think he is one of the six greatest prime ministers in Chinese history. Shang Yang’s “Shang Yang reform” not only made the state of Qin superior to the six Eastern countries for a long time but also promoted the transformation from a patriarchal enfeoffment system to a centralized system, laid the foundation for Qin Shihuang to establish a unified empire and had a far-reaching impact on later generations.
26	Genghis Khan	1162-1227	The greatest and outstanding statesman and strategist in World History	His influence on the world is far greater than that of China. Genghis Khan laid the foundation for the unification of China’s Yuan Dynasty in the future. The Mongols opened up the western regions and practiced freedom of belief, which laid the foundation for the entry of Islam into China. The expansion of Mongolia awakened European civilization, but it destroyed and killed more Chinese civilization and Han people!
27	Li Bai	701-762	Chinese poet of the Tang Dynasty, known as “poetic immortal” in the world	It is a new peak of positive romantic poetry since Qu Yuan. In terms of literature and talent, Li Bai is the greatest genius in history. Li Bai’s poetic style and personality charm have attracted countless talents and people, and have been worshipped and studied by the world in previous dynasties. Li Bai integrates Confucianism, Taoism, and chivalry, so his poetry has the same characteristics and influence history!
28	Tu Fu	712-770	“Poetry saint” is the most famous realistic poet in China and a world cultural celebrity	Du Fu is a master of Chinese poets. His poetry has been sought after and worshipped by scholars and talents of all dynasties. “Thousands of scholars note Du” shows his influence! Du Fu can be said to be a representative of China’s narrow culture, and his thoughts and talents have been approved by the mainstream of all dynasties. The influence is under Li Bai because people are used to the name of “Li Du”!
29	Bi Sheng	about 970-1051	The invention of Bi Sheng’s movable type printing is a great revolution in the history of printing	It is one of the four great inventions in ancient China. It has opened up a broad path for the development of Chinese culture and economy and made great contributions to the development of world civilization. From the 13th century to the 19th century, movable type printing invented by Bi Sheng spread all over the world. Movable type printing prospered the number of books and enriched the spiritual life of the people.
30	Huineng	638-713	The sixth ancestor of Zen Buddhism in China	Huineng, as one of the thinkers with great influence on China’s history, once ranked Confucius, Lao Tzu, and Huineng as the “three saints of the East”. Huineng laid a theoretical foundation for the development of Zen and had a great impact on the establishment of the door of later Zen masters. For example, fayan sect was widely spread in Thailand and Korea, and the Yunmen sect and Linji sect were widely spread in Europe and America
31	Ji Fa	About 1087 BC-1043 BC	Founder of the Western Zhou Dynasty	He inherited his father’s will, destroyed the Shang Dynasty in the 11th century BC, seized national power, and established the 800-year Western Zhou Dynasty, which laid the foundation for the stability and development of the early Chinese nation. Ji Fa showed outstanding military and political talents and became a Ming monarch in Chinese history, known as King Wu of Zhou.
32	Li Bing	About 256-251 BC	An outstanding Water Conservancy Engineer in the Warring States Period	Some people call it “great” as the first of ancient Chinese scientists. Its masterpiece “Dujiangyan” is greater than the Great Wall. It has a large scale and reasonable layout. It has three functions flood control, irrigation, and navigation. It is also a rare miracle in the history of world water conservancy projects. With it, there will be Sichuan, a vast land of abundance, and a rich rear area for China for a long time.
33	Cao Cao	155-220	The founder and main founder of the state of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period	At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the population and food production were affected by natural disasters, plagues, and wars. The population decreased from 50 million to more than 7 million. The situation was very serious! It was not until Cao Cao unified northern China, extensively cultivated farmland, built a water conservancy, and allowed the Han people to recuperate and restore stability, so as to prepare for the unification of China by the Jin Dynasty. The main figures in the great split period sometimes have a greater role and influence than the rulers in the great unification period!
34	Kangxi	1654－1722	The fourth emperor of the Qing Dynasty, one of the most successful emperors in Chinese history, was called “Emperor Kangxi”.	Emperor Kangxi was kind to Mongolia, pacified San Francisco, recovered Taiwan, resisted tsarist Russia, and crusaded against quasi-Gordan, laying the foundation for China’s modern territory. The achievements of repairing books, compiling classics, building water conservancy, and paying attention to people’s livelihood also have a great impact, known as the “prosperous era of Kangxi”, which also lays a solid foundation for China’s population advantage and national competition in the future.
35	Zhang Ling	34-156	Wudoumi sect (Tianshi Dao) founded by Zhang Daoling is an important school of Taoism in the early stage	He wrote twenty-four books such as Lao Zi Xiang Er Zhu and used Fushui to cure diseases and develop believers. First, he wore yellow Taoist robes, swords, seals, and amulets, which became the most important direct keepsake of Tianshi Taoism. If Taoism was founded by Zhang Ling, according to the influence of Taoism in Chinese history, he will rank around ten! Zhang Ling only played a primary role in the establishment of Taoism.
36	Sun Yat-sen	1866-1925	The forerunner of the modern revolution, the founder of the Chinese Kuomintang, and the advocate of the three people’s principles	He made a lot of efforts to overthrow the autocratic rule of the feudal dynasty that lasted for thousands of years in Chinese history! Sun Yat Sen was one of the revolutionaries who established the government of the Republic of China, especially Chiang Kai Shek and Wang Jingwei, who were both leaders cultivated by Sun Yat Sen. But Sun Yat Sen’s influence has been overestimated, and his ranking position should be here. The influence of democratic thought is still lower than that of Taoism!
37	su shi	1037-1101	Known as “Su Dongpo” in the world, it is the representative of bold and unrestrained poets	He has made great achievements in poetry, CI, Fu, and prose, and is good at calligraphy and painting. He is a rare all-rounder in the history of Chinese literature and art! In the history of Chinese literature, it can be said to be the most talented. He is recognized as one of the most outstanding people with literary and artistic attainments in China’s thousands of years of history. It has a high position and countless fans in history.
38	Zhu Di	1360-1424	The third generation emperor of the Ming Dynasty, whose reign period is called the “Yongle prosperous age”	Zhu Di, the emperor Chengzu of the Ming Dynasty, established the capital of Beijing, built the Forbidden City, compiled the Yongle ceremony, set up secret service agencies, and set up a cabinet system (this cabinet system was later followed by western countries and continues until now), sent Zheng He to the west, and so on. Everything has a great impact!
39	Han Fei	About 281 BC-233 BC	Han Fei is a master of legalism	There is no clear founder of legalism, but Han Fei is the master of legalism. He abandoned the metaphysics of Taoism, the pedantry of Confucianism, and the untimely of Mohism, and provided a theoretical basis for China to establish a unified centralized autocratic monarchy. Legalists made Confucianism “the emperor’s new clothes”. Legalists separated morality from politics, which is better than the theory of monarchy.
40	Wu Zetian	624－705	Wu Zetian was an outstanding female politician in the feudal era and the only orthodox female emperor in Chinese history	However, it is undeniable that Wu Zetian has made great contributions to history. She has promoted economic development, stabilized the border situation, and promoted the continued prosperity of Han culture. As a female emperor, it is unique in history, which has had a great impact on the Chinese tradition that men are superior to women.

Top 100 Most Influential Historical Figures (Part 1): List of Chinese Historical Figures (for reference only)

listenerxu — Sun, 15 May 2022 05:26:03 +0000

order	name	Time of History	status	consequence
1	Confucius	551 BCE-479 BCE	The founder of the Confucian school, one of the most famous cultural celebrities in the world, and the Chinese “eternal sage”.	Confucius is the greatest thinker and educator in Chinese history, a symbol of Chinese culture, and the maker of the code of conduct of the Chinese people for two thousand years. His thoughts and doctrines were the long-standing ideology and official philosophy of ancient society
2	Qin Shi Huang	259 BCE-210 BCE	In Chinese history, the Qin Dynasty, a powerful Qin Dynasty, was also the founding emperor of China.	“A hundred generations of Qin politics and law”, he founded the emperor system, and completed a series of unification of China, “abolished entitles, counties and post roads”, making China enter the era of centralized monarchy, which had a profound and significant impact on the history of China and the world, and was known as the “One Emperor through the ages”.
3	Lao Zi	571 BCE-471 BCE	The greatest philosopher in Chinese history, a world-famous cultural celebrity	Its theory has had a profound influence on the development of Chinese philosophy. The ruling classes of Chinese dynasties pursued the political concept of “using Huang Lao inside and showing Confucianism outside”.Taoism came about under the influence of its doctrine. Lao Tzu’s Tao Te Ching, The Book of Changes, and the Analects of Confucius are considered to be the three most profound influences on the Chinese people.
4	Cai Lun	61 A. D. -121	If he invented the paper alone, his influence will rank first in human history!	“Paper” has greatly promoted the dissemination and communication of world science and culture, and profoundly affected the process of human history. In view of the great role of paper in cultural inheritance and daily life, Cai Lun, as one of the main inventors of paper, will stand out in history! It can be said that Cai Lun is the best inventor ever!
5	Han wu di	156 BC-87 BC	The Chinese Han nation and the Han dynasty established an expansion of the epoch-making giant!	He built a civilization system, laid the foundation for China’s unique Confucianism for two thousand years, and his influence was very profound. In essence, Emperor Wudi was the largest national hero of the Han people. He created the first development peak of China’s feudal dynasty. Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty was the first emperor in China to use the annual title and confirmed the first month as the first month.
6	Mao Zedong	1893-1976	The founder of the new China	His great influence includes unifying China, establishing independence, breaking down superstition, eliminating bandits, defeating the Confucius shop, and establishing the concept of equality and communist faith! The influence of the new China is the influence of Mao. Mao’s revolutionary, political, economic, national defense, foreign, industrial, national, and population policies and measures, as well as Mao’s ideological, military, and literary talents, have all influenced him to this day!
7	Mencius	372 BC-289 BC	Famous thinker and educator in ancient China	Mencius inherited and carried forward the thought of Confucius and became a Confucian master second only to Confucius. He was known as “subsaint” and Confucius. Mencius was one of the “four books” of ancient China. Mencius’s theory of benevolence and human nature is one of the important reasons why China will not have the religious rule. Mencius accelerated the maturity and strength of the Chinese civilization.
8	Sui Wen emperor	541-604	Yang Jian was the greatest Chinese emperor in the eyes of Westerners	It plunged the Chinese people into the dark ages of Europe and lasted for three and a half centuries. Emperor Wen of Sui then unified China, he made China avoid barbarization! Yang Jian was the greatest Chinese emperor in the eyes of Westerners. First, he established the system of three provinces and six ministries, abolished torture, and most importantly, established the influential imperial examination system. The historical motivation and influence of “studying and becoming an official” are incalculable.
9	Zhu Xi	1130-1200	Zhu Xi was the master of Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism, the main representative of Chinese feudal culture, and the most outstanding master of Confucianism since Confucius and Mencius	His academic thoughts were the official philosophy of the feudal ruling class in the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties. Zhu Xi brought stricter values and codes of conduct to the Chinese people. His objective idealism system and his views of “preserving heaven and destroying human desire” also had an important influence on the history of world culture.
10	Deng Xiaoping	1904-1997	Chief designer of modern “reform and opening up”	It was not Sun and Mao that really revived China, but Deng Xiaoping.He made the country in the Tang Dynasty, once again truly rich and strong, to open, to the world! Reform and opening up have brought about modern industry and modern civilization, which has changed the fate of China, but also changed the Chinese people’s thoughts and values, with a far-reaching impact! Deng Xiaoping was actually one of the most successful reformers in Chinese history!
11	Sima Qian	145 BC? -87 BC?	A great historian, thinker, and writer of the Western Han Dynasty	In the Records of the Grand Historian, he recorded more than three thousand years from the Yellow Emperor to Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty. Taking history as a mirror more refers to this Shiji as historical data! He made the history of China thereafter a recorded history, which was very influential. Sima Qian’s influence was how China governed it, while Sun Wu’s influence was how China fought. He is a shining giant star in Chinese history!
12	Liu Bang	256 BCE-195 BCE	The founding emperor of the Han Dynasty	One of the great pioneers of the Han nation and the Han culture, and an outstanding statesman in Chinese history. Liu Bang has a legendary and rich story, and Xiang Yu’s heroic color and recited in the world! Famous British historians Joseph and Toby commented: ” The two most visionary and influential political figures in human history were Caesar, who founded the Roman Empire, and the other was Liu Bang, Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty who founded the Han civilization.
13	Zhuangzi	About 369 BC-286 BC	Zhuangzi was a great thinker, philosopher, and writer of the Warring States Period in China	The position of Taoism in the development history of Chinese thought is no lower than that of Confucianism and Buddhism, and the Chinese people of all dynasties were almost more or less influenced by Taoism. Zhuangzi and Laozi are called “Lao Zhuang”. His book Zhuangzi has a strong romantic color and has a great influence on the literature of later generations, including Tao Yuanming, Li Bai, Su Shi, and Xin Qiji.
14	Tang Taizong	599－649	Tang Dynasty emperor	With its history of “Zhenguan governance”, open society, developed economy, and Qingming political reputation, the Tang Empire was a proud superpower in the history of the world. Its military is extremely strong, it has won numerous victories over the surrounding nations and countries, and it is still the pride of the Chinese people. Emperor Taizong was one of the most famous politicians and wise emperors in Chinese history. He was known as one of the best great men in China and had a great influence on the people.
15	Zhang Zhongjing	About 150-about 219	At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was a famous medical scientist, known as the medical sage	Zhang Zhongjing’s principle of syndrome differentiation established in “Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases” is the basic principle of TCM clinical, is the soul of TCM, is one of the most influential works in the history of Chinese medicine, and is a necessary classic for post-scholars to study Chinese medicine! This work also has a great impact on East Asian countries. Given his huge role in the development of TCM, the ranking should be here.
16	Li Si	? -The Year of 208 BC	The famous prime minister and politician of the Qin Dynasty	Assisted Qin Shi Huang in formulating laws, policies, foreign affairs, civil affairs, and unification. Almost every big thing Li Si did could have an effect of thousands of thousand years. Sima Qian said his achievements were comparable to those of Duke Zhou and Duke Zhao. Lees was the most complete executor of a legalist, who made “external Confucianism and internal law” the two core means for the successive rulers to stabilize their rule.
17	Song Taizu	927－976	Song Dynasty emperor	The flourishing martial spirit of the Han and Tang Dynasty reached the Song Dynasty because he met the Song Taizu who valued literature over martial arts. Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty basically unified the Han people region and made great contributions to the prosperity of the Han people’s history and Chinese culture. Song Taizu pursued the concept of “writing with Yasukuni”, which completely reversed the dark situation of martial arts dictatorship since the end of the Tang Dynasty. The Song Dynasty was the most economically prosperous dynasty in Chinese history, and the developed Song Dynasty issued the world’s earliest paper money in the middle
18	Zhou Gong	About 1,100 BC	Confucius was said to reach the Duke of Zhou. He was one of the two great saints of ancient times	The Duke of Zhou further defined the social order and was one of the pioneers and founders of the national code system, human ethics etiquette, and education system in ancient China. He was honored as the founder of Confucianism. The system of primogeniture established by the Duke of Zhou formulated a series of strict etiquette systems of the monarch, father and son, and inferiority, which had far-reaching influence. If the Rites of Zhou is made, it will be ranked higher.
19	Qu Yuan	About 340 BC-about 278 BC	He is one of the greatest romantic poets in China, the earliest known famous poet in China, and one of the most famous cultural celebrities in the world	He created the style of “Chu Ci”, and influenced the formation of Han Fu. Qu Yuan influenced the formation of Chinese culture and many writers in later generations. His poetry and genre are one of the main sources of Chinese culture! The origin of the Chinese folk Dragon Boat Festival comes from the commemoration of Qu Yuan.
20	Dong Zhongshu	179 BCE-104 BCE	The most influential thinker and the famous idealist philosopher	He operable and standardized Confucian ethical thoughts, such as the “three principles and five permanent”, which created a more mature social order for ancient China and created the national character of later China. Its theory of “unification” and “harmony” provided the theoretical basis for the later feudal rulers.

Enjoy the world famous poet-Xin Qiji’s “Yongyule – Jingkou North – Gu Ting – Huaigu”English translation version

listenerxu — Thu, 12 May 2022 12:21:00 +0000

辛弃疾《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》

　　千古江山，

　　英雄无觅，

　　孙仲谋处。

　　舞榭歌台，

　　风流总被，

　　雨打风吹去。

　　斜阳草树，

　　寻常巷陌，

　　人道寄奴曾住。

　　想当年，

　　金戈铁马，

　　气吞万里如虎。

　　元嘉草草，

　　封狼居胥，

　　赢得仓皇北顾。

　　四十三年，

　　望中犹记，

　　烽火扬州路。

　　可堪回首，

　　佛狸祠下，

　　一片神鸦社鼓。

　　凭谁问：

　　廉颇老矣，

　　尚能饭否?

　　Joy of Eternal Union

　　Xin Qiji

　　The land is boundless as of yore,

　　But nowhere can be found

　　A hero like the king defending southern shore.

　　The singing hall, the dancing ground,

　　All gallant deeds now sent away

　　By driving wind and blinding rain!

　　The slanting sun sheds its departing ray

　　O’er tree-shaded and grassy lane

　　Where lived the Cowherd King retaking the lost land.

　　In bygone years,

　　Leading armed cavaliers,

　　With golden spear in hand,

　　Tigerlike, he had slain

　　The foe on the thousand-mile Central Plain.

　　His son launched in haste a northern campaign;

　　Defeated at Mount Wolf, he shed his tears in vain.

　　I still remember three and forty years ago

　　The thriving town destroyed in flames by the foe.

　　How can I bear

　　To see the chief aggressor’s shrine

　　Worshipped ‘mid crows and drumbeats as divine?

　　Who would still care

　　If an old general

　　Is strong enough to take back the lost capital?

　　Where is the Central Plain?

personage – ******stronger and stronger*******