the mountain spirit -Qu yuan

　　若有人兮山之阿

　　there seem to be a man in the deep mountain,

　　被薜荔兮带女箩

　　clad in creeping vine and girded with ivy,

　　既含睇兮又宜笑

　　with a charming look and a becoming smile.

　　子慕予兮善窈窕

　　”do you admire me for my lovely form?”

　　乘赤豹兮从文狸

　　she rides a red leopard – striped lynxes follwing behind –

　　辛夷车兮结桂旗

　　her chariot of magnolia arrayed with banners of cassia,

　　被石兰兮带杜衡

　　her cloak made of orchids and her girdle of azalea,

　　折芳馨兮遗所思

　　calling sweet flowers for those dear in her heart.

　　余处幽篁兮终不见天

　　”i live in a bamboo grove, the sky unseen;

　　路险难兮独后来

　　the road hither is steep and dangerous; i arrive alone and late.

　　表独立兮山之上

　　alone i stand on the mountain top

　　云容容兮而在下

　　while the clouds gather beneath me.

　　杳冥冥兮羌昼晦

　　”all gloomy and dark is the day;

　　东风飘兮神灵雨

　　the east wind drifts and god sends down rain.

　　留灵修兮忘归

　　waiting for the divine one, i forget to go home.

　　岁既晏兮孰华予

　　the year is late. who will now bedeck me?

　　采三秀兮于山间

　　”i pluck the larkspur on the mountain side,

　　石磊磊兮葛蔓蔓

　　the rocks are craggy; and the vines tangled.

　　怨公子兮怅忘归

　　complaining of the young lord, sadly i forget to go home.

　　君思我兮不得闲

　　you, my lord, are thinking of me; but you have no time,”

　　山中人兮芳杜若

　　the man in the mountain, fragrant with sweet herb,

　　饮石泉兮荫松柏

　　drinks from the rocky spring, shaded by pines and firs.

　　君思我兮然疑作

　　”you, my lord, are thinking of me, but then you hesitate.”

　　雷填填兮雨冥冥

　　the thunder rumbles and the rain darkens;

　　猿啾啾兮夜鸣

　　the gibbons mourn, howling all the night;

　　风飒飒兮木萧萧

　　the wind whistles and the trees are bare.

　　思公子兮徒离忧

　　”i am thing of the young lord; i sorrow in vain.”

屈原 《楚辞·离骚》

欲从灵氛之吉占兮，心犹豫而狐疑。巫咸将夕降兮，怀椒糈而要之。

百神翳其备降兮，九疑缤其并迎。皇剡剡其扬灵兮，告余以吉故。

曰：“勉升降以上下兮，求矩矱之所同。汤、禹俨而求合兮，挚、咎繇而能调。

苟中情其好修兮，又何必用夫行媒？说操筑於傅岩兮，武丁用而不疑。

吕望之鼓刀兮，遭周文而得举。宁戚之讴歌兮，齐桓闻以该辅。

及年岁之未晏兮，时亦犹其未央。恐鹈鴂之先鸣兮，使夫百草为之不芳。”

Li Sao

Qu Yuan

WAlthough the witches counsel I held good,
In foxlike indecision still I stood.
At night the wizard great made his descent,
And meeting him spiced rice I did present.

The angels came, shading with wings the sky;
From mountains wild the deities drew nigh.
With regal splendor shone the solemn sight,
And thus the wizard spake with omens bright:

“Take office high or low as days afford,
If one there be that could with thee accord;
Like ancient kings austere who sought their mate,
Finding the one who should fulfill their fate.

Now if thy heart doth cherish grace within,
What need is there to choose a go-between?
A convict toiled on rocks to expiate
His crime; his sovereign gave him great estate.

A butcher with his knife made roundelay;
His king chanced there and happy proved the day.
A prince who heard a cowherd chanting late
Raised him to be a councilor of state.

Before old age o’ ertake thee on thy way,
Life still is young; to profit turn thy day.
Spring is but brief, when cuckoos start to sing,
And flowers will fade that once did spread and spring.”

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2020
Winner: Louise Glick (F)
Nationality: American contemporary poetess
Representative works: Wild Iris, Firstborn Son, Falling Image, Alloy of Moonlight, Until the World Reflects the Deepest Needs of the Soul
Reason for Award: Her (Louise Greco) irrefutable poetic voice makes the existence of the individual universal with its simple beauty.

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2019

Winner: Olga Tokarczuk (female)
Nationality: Polish female writer, poet, psychologist
Representative works: “Swire and Other Times”, “House by Day, House by Night
Winner: encyclopedic enthusiasm in narrative imagination, representing a way of life that crosses borders.

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2017
Winner: Kazuo Ishiguro
Nationality: Japanese-British novelist
Representative works: “The Buried Giant”, “The Long Day Remains”, “The Pale Shadow of the Far Mountain”, “The Painter of the Floating World
Winner: Kazuo Ishiguro’s novels, with their immense emotional power, uncover the abyss hidden beneath the illusion of our connection to the world.

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2016
Winner: Bob Dylan
Nationality: American
Representative works: “Like a Rolling Stone”, “Answers Blowing in the Wind
Winner: For bringing a new poetic expression to the great American song tradition.

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2015
Winner: Svetlana Alekseevich (Female)
Nationality: Belarus
Representative work: “Memories of Chernobyl: An Oral History of the Nuclear Disaster
Winner: A work of diverse voices, a monument documenting the suffering and courage of our times.

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2014

Winner: Patrick Modiano
Nationality: French
Representative works: “Dark Shop Street”, “Star-shaped Square”, “Café de la Jeunesse
Winner: He uses the art of memory to show the fate of human beings and the world in which people lived during the German occupation, which was the most difficult to grasp.

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2013

Winner: Alice Munro (F)
Nationality: Canadian
Representative works: “Happy Shadow Dance”, “Escape
Reason: Master of contemporary short story.

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2012

Winner: Mo Yan (the first Chinese person to win the Nobel Prize in Literature)
Nationality: Chinese
Representative works: “Red Sorghum”, “Plump Breasts”, “Frog
Reason for the award: The use of phantasmagoric realism writing techniques to integrate folk tales, history and contemporary society.

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2011

Winner: Tomas Tranströmer
Nationality: Swedish
Representative works: “Seventeen Poems”, “Secrets of the Way
Winner: Through condensed and penetrating imagery, he offers us a new way to reality.

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2010
Winner: Mario Vargas Llosa
Nationality: Peruvian and Spanish dual citizenship
Representative works: “Green House”, “The Battle of Armageddon”, “The City and the Dog
Winner: A meticulous portrayal of the power structure, giving a sharp account of individual resistance, defiance and defeat.

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2009

Winner: Herta Müller (female)
Nationality: German
Representative works: “Breathing Pendulum”, “The River Runs”, “Walking the Boundary”, “The Fox Was Already a Hunter by Then
Reason: It is a combination of poetry and prose, depicting the situation of those who have nothing and nothing to hold on to.

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2008

Winner: Le Clézio
Nationality: French
Representative work: “War
Awarded for: Showing new beginnings, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy; as an explorer, discovering the humanity hidden at the bottom and outside of mainstream civilization.

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2007

Winner: Doris Lessing (Female)
Nationality: British
Representative work: Golden Notes
Winner: She examines a divided civilization with the power of doubt, passion, and conception, and her work is like an epic of female experience.

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2006

Winner: Orhan Pamuk
Nationality: Turkish
Representative work: My Name is Red
Winner: In search of the melancholic soul of his homeland, he discovered new symbols in the collision and fusion of cultures.

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2005

Winner: Harold Pinter
Nationality: British
Representative works: “The House Watcher”, “Birthday Party”, “Homecoming
Winner: His plays discover the thrill of what lies beneath the cover of everyday nonsense and force open the closed rooms of the repressed.

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2004

Winner: Elfriede Jelinek (f)
Nationality: Austria
Representative works: “The Piano Teacher”, “Children of the Dead
Winner: For the musical rhythm of her novels and plays, which reveal the absurdity of social stereotypes and their imprisoning power in an extraordinary and passionate language.

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2003

Winner: John Maxwell Couche
Nationality: South African
Representative works: “Shame”, “The Land of the Dark
Awarded for: Accurately portraying the essence of human nature under many false masks.

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2002

Winner: Kertész Imre
Nationality: Hungarian Jewish writer
Representative work: The Invisible Destiny
Awarded for his profound portrayal of the painful experience of a vulnerable individual against a powerful and brutal force, and his unique autobiographical literary style.

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2001

Winner: V.S. Naipaul
Nationality: Trinidad and Tobago
Representative works: “The Mysterious Masseur”, “Miguel Street
Winner: His books combine insightful narrative and unworldly exploration, and are the driving force behind our search for truth from a distorted history.

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2000

Winner: Gao Xingjian
Nationality: French-Chinese
Representative work: “Spirit Mountain
Awarded for: The universal value of his work, the biting insight and the rich wit of his language, which opens up new paths for Chinese fiction and artistic drama.

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1999

Winner: Günter Grass
Nationality: German
Representative work: The Tin Drum
Winner: His playful but tragic fable depicts the forgotten face of human history.

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1998

Winner: José Saramago
Nationality: Portuguese
Representative work: “A Compendium of Blindness
For his imaginative, compassionate and ironic work, which allows us to revisit again and again an elusive period of history.

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1997

Winner: Dario Fo
Nationality: Italian
Representative works: The Mystery of Comedy, The Death of an Anarchist
Reason: His achievement in flogging authority and praising the noble character of the ravaged is comparable to that of the medieval book “The Riddler”.

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1996

Winner: Wisława Szymborska (female)
Nationality: Polish
Representative works: “Ask Yourself a Question”, “Calling the Snowman
Winner: For her incisive and subtle irony in the art of poetry, which unearths the deeper meaning of historical changes and biological evolution behind the little by little reality of human life.

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1995

Winner: Sheamus Heaney
Nationality: Ireland
Representative works: “The Door to Darkness”, “Winter Outside
Winner: For his lyrical and ethical works, which reveal the miracle of daily life and history.

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1994

Winner: Kenzaburo Oe
Nationality: Japanese
Representative works: “Personal Experience”, “The Football Team in the First Year of Manyan
Reason for the Award: Through poetic imagination, he created an imaginary world in which reality and mythology are closely condensed together, depicting the modern multitudes of life and bringing a shock to people.

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1993

Winner: Toni Morrison (female)
Nationality: Black American writer
Representative works: “The Bluest Eye”, “Song of Solomon
Reason: Her works are imaginative and poetic, showing important aspects of American real life.

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1992

Winner: Derek Walcott
Nationality: St. Lucia
Representative work: “West Indies
Winner: His work is hugely inspiring and has a broad historical perspective, the result of his dedication to many cultures.

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1991

Winner: Nadine Gordimer (female)
Nationality: South Africa
Representative work: “The People of July
Winner: His epic and magnificent work, which depicts the complex human and social relations around him with strong and direct strokes, is of great benefit to humanity.

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1990

Winner: Octavio Paz
Nationality: Mexico
Representative works: Sunstone
Awarded for his passionate and wide-ranging works, which are permeated with the wisdom of perception and embody perfect humanism.

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1989

Winner: Camilo José Serra
Nationality: Spanish
Representative work: “Play for the Dead
Awarded for: rich and concise descriptions with strong emotions and an unparalleled imagination of human weaknesses.

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1988

Winner: Najib Mahfouz
Nationality: Egypt
Representative work: “The Soul of the Street
Awarded for: His numerous works of nuanced detail – insightful realism that evokes ambition – have resulted in an Arabic language art that is appreciated by all mankind.

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1987

Winner: Joseph Brodsky
Nationality: Soviet-American poet
Representative work: From Petersburg to Stockholm
Award: His works transcend the limits of time and space and demonstrate his broad-mindedness and poetic intensity, both in terms of literature and sensitive issues.

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1986

Winner: Wole Soyinka
Nationality: Nigerian
Representative work: The Lion and the Jewel
Awarded for his poetic drama about life with a broad cultural perspective.

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1985

Winner: Claude Simon
Nationality: French
Representative works: “Flanders Highway – Agrarian Poem
Winner: For his ability to blend the rich imagination of poets and painters with a profound sense of time, and for his in-depth depiction of the human condition.

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1984

Winner: Jaroslav Seifert
Nationality: Czechoslovakia
Representative work: Violet
Reason: His poems are original, novel and lifelike, expressing the indomitable spirit of man and the versatile image of a thirst for liberation.

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1983

Winner: William Golding
Nationality: British
Representative work: Lord of the Flies – The Pyramids
Winner: For his clear realistic narrative technique and the diversity and universality of his fictional story, which illustrates the human condition in today’s world.

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1982

Winner: Gavriel García Márquez
Nationality: Colombian
Representative works: One Hundred Years of Solitude, Love in the Time of Cholera
Winner: For his long novels that reflect the contradictions of life in an entire continent with a richly structured imaginary world that mixes magic and reality.

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1981

Winner: Elias Canetti
Nationality: Bulgarian
Representative work: “Dazed and Confused
Reason: The work has a broad vision, rich ideas and artistic power.

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1980

Winner: Cheslav Miłosz
Nationality: Polish
Representative work: The Dismantled Notebook
Winner: Uncompromisingly keen insight, depicting the exposed state of man in a world of intense conflict.

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1979

Winner: Odysseus Eritis
Nationality: Greek
Representative works: Elegy for Heroes
Winner: His poem, set in the Greek tradition, depicts the struggle of modern man for freedom and innovation with the power of feeling and the acuteness of reason.

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1978

Winner: Isaac Bashevis Singer
Nationality: American Jewish writer
Representative works: “The Magician – King of the Wilderness
Winner: For his passionate narrative art, which is both rooted in the cultural traditions of the Poles and reflects the universal human condition.

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1977

Winner: Aleixandre Melo
Nationality: Spanish
Representative work: “Shadow of Heaven
Winner: His work, which inherits the tradition of Spanish lyric poetry and draws on the styles of today’s genres, describes the human condition in the universe and in today’s society.

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1976

Winner: Saul Bellow
Nationality: Canadian-American writer
Representative work: Hessog
Winner: For his work’s understanding of human nature and his keen perspective on contemporary culture.

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1975

Winner: Eugenio Montale
Nationality: Italian
Representative work: “The Evil of Life
Winner: For his outstanding poetry that possesses great artistry and interprets human values in a life unfit for fantasy.

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1974

Winner 1: Harry Edmund Martinson
Nationality: Swedish
Representative works: “The World in the Dew
Reason: His work reflects the whole world through a drop of dew.

Winner 2: Ewinter Johansson
Nationality: Swedish
Representative works: “The Story of Ulof
Awarded for: The art of narrating with the purpose of freedom, but dedicated to the broad view of history and modernity.

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1973

Winner: Patrick White
Nationality: Australia
Representative work: “The Eye of the Storm
For his epic and psychological narrative art, and for bringing a new continent into literature.

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1972

Winner: Henrich Böll
Nationality: German
Representative work: “The Lady and the Beings
Awarded for his works, which combine a broad perspective on the times with a subtle skill in characterization and contribute to the revitalization of German literature.

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1971

Winner: Pablo Neruda
Nationality: Chilean
Representative works: “Love Poems, Lamentations and Hymns
Winner: Poetry with a force of nature that revives the destiny and dreams of a continent.

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1970

Winner: Alexander Solzhenitsyn
Nationality: Russian
Representative works: “Cancer House”, “Gulag Archipelago
Awarded for the moral force of his works, by which he inherited an indispensable tradition of Russian literature.

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1969

Winner: Samuel Beckett
Nationality: French
Representative work: “Waiting for Godot
Awarded for his fictional and dramatic works of peculiar form, which have lifted modern man out of his spiritual doldrums.

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1968

Winner: Yasunari Kawabata
Nationality: Japanese
Representative works: “Snow Country, A Thousand Cranes, and Ancient Capital
Winner: For his masterful narrative works that express the spirituality of the Japanese with extraordinary sensitivity.

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1967

Winner: Ángel Asturias
Nationality: Guatemala
Representative work: “The Corn Man
Winner: For his distinctive and vivid works that are implemented in his own national colors and Indian traditions.

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1966

Winner 1: Nelly Sachs (female)
Nationality: German
Representative work: “Escape
Winner: For her outstanding lyrical and dramatic work, which illustrates the fate of Israel with touching power.

Winner 2: Samuel Joseph Agnon
Nationality: Israeli
Representative work: The Book of Acts
Winner: For his profound and unique narrative technique, and for drawing themes from the lives of the Jewish people.

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1965

Winner: Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov
Nationality: Soviet Union
Representative work: “The Silent River Don
Awarded for the writer’s energy and artistic enthusiasm in his epic work about the Don Valley countryside, in which he depicted a historical aspect of Russian national life.

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1964

Winner: Jean-Paul Sartre
Nationality: French
Representative work: The Word
For his thoughtful, liberal and truth-seeking work, which has had a profound impact on our times.

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1963

Winner: Georges Seferis
Nationality: Greek
Representative work: “The Painted Bird
Winner: For his remarkable lyrical poetry, the product of a deep feeling for Greek culture.

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1962

Winner: John Steinbeck
Nationality: American
Masterpiece: “Between Mice and Men
Awarded for his realistic and imaginative compositions, which show a sympathetic humor and sensitive observation of society.

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1961

Winner: Ivo Andrić
Nationality: Former Yugoslavia
Winner: For the epic power of his work, through which he pursues themes in the history of his country and portrays the fate of people. Representative work: “The Bridge – Miss

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1960

Winner: St. Joan Pace
Nationality: French
Representative work: “Blue Love Song
Winner: For his superb flight and rich imagination, which expresses an imaginative meditation on the present time.

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1959

Winner: Salvadore Quasimodo
Nationality: Italian
Representative works: “Water and Earth
Winner: For his lyric poetry, which expresses with classical fire the tragic experience of life in our time.

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1958

Winner: Boris Leonidovich Pasternak
Nationality: Former Soviet Union
Representative works: Doctor Zhivago
Awarded for: His extremely significant achievements in both contemporary lyric poetry and the Russian epic tradition.

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1957

Winner: Albert Camus
Nationality: French
Representative work: The Outsider
Winner: For his important work, in which he illuminates with a discerning and fervent eye the problems of the human conscience in our time.

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1956

Winner: Juan Ramón Jiménez
Nationality: Spanish
Representative work: “Aria of Sorrow
Prize: For his Spanish lyric poetry, which became the best example of high spirituality and pure art.

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1955

Winner: Heraldo Chiriján Lázquez
Nationality: Icelandic
Representative work: “The Fisherman’s Daughter
Winner: For the vivid, epic power he exudes in his work, which adds to the magnificence of Iceland’s already excellent narrative literary technique.

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1954

Winner: Ernest Hemingway
Nationality: American
Representative work: The Old Man and the Sea
Awarded for his mastery of narrative art, as highlighted in his recent book The Old Man and the Sea, and for his influence on contemporary literary style.

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1953

Winner: Winston Churchill
Nationality: British
Representative work: The Unwanted War
Awarded for his historical and biographical mastery, and for his brilliant speeches in defense of noble human values.

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1952

Winner: François Mauriac
Nationality: French
Representative work: “The Desert of Love
Winner: For his dissection of the drama of life, his profound observation of the heart and his compact art in his novels.

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1951

Winner: Pál Fabian Lagerkvist
Nationality: Swedish
Representative work: The Great Thief Barabbas
Winner: For the artistic vitality and truly independent insight he displayed in his work in seeking answers to the eternal quandaries facing mankind.

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1950

Winner: Patran Arthur William Russell
Nationality: British
Representative work: Philosophy-Mathematics-Literature
For: For his diverse and significant works in defense of humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought.

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1949

Winner: William Faulkner
Nationality: American
Representative works: “As I Lay Dying”, “The Noise and the Commotion
For his powerful and artistically unparalleled contribution to contemporary American fiction.

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1948

Winner: Thomas Struensee Eliot
Nationality: French
Representative work: The Four Quartets
For his outstanding contribution to the pioneering nature of modern poetry.

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1947

Winner: André Gide
Nationality: French
Representative works: “Symphony in the Field”, “The Backstabber
Winner: For his extensive and artistically textured writings, in which he presents the problems and situations of human nature with a fearless love of truth and with a keen psychological insight.

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1946

Winner: Hermann Hesse
Nationality: Swiss of German origin
Representative work: Wolf in the Wilderness
Awarded for his soulful works, which are highly creative and insightful on the one hand, and symbolic of classical humane ideals and noble style on the other.

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1945

Winner: Gabriela Mistral (female)
Nationality: Chile
Representative work: “Tenderness
Awarded for: Her lyrical poems, bred by strong feelings, have made her name a symbol of the thirst for ideals throughout the Latin American world.

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1944

Winner: Johannes Wilhelm Janssen
Nationality: Danish
Representative work: “The Long Journey
Winner: For her rich and powerful poetic imagery, which combines a broad-minded inquisitiveness with a bold and refreshingly creative style.

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1940 – 1943 No award

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1939

Winner: Frans Emil Silanpaa
Nationality: Finland
Representative work: “The Young Girl Celia
For his profound understanding and delicate art in depicting two things that affect each other – the nature of his homeland and the life of its peasants.

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1938

Winner: Pearl Sai (female)
Nationality: American
Representative works: The Earth trilogy
Winner: For her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China, and for her autobiographical masterpieces.

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1937

Winner: Roger Martin du Gard
Nationality: French
Representative work: “Tibor – Home
Winner: For the artistic charm and authenticity shown in his long story “The Tibbs Family”. It is a fundamental reflection of the face of human life.

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1936

Winner: Eugene O’Neill
Nationality: American
Representative work: “Beyond the Edge of Heaven
Awarded for the strength, enthusiasm and deep feeling expressed in his plays – they perfectly fit the original concept of tragedy.

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No award in 1935

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1934

Winner: Luigi Pirandello
Nationality: Italian
Representative works: “In Search of Myself”, “Six Characters in Search of a Playwright
Awarded for his bold and deft revival of the art of theater and the art of staging.

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1933

Winner: Ivan Alekseevich Purnin
Nationality: Russian
Representative work: “The Love of Mija
Winner: For his rigorous artistic talent, which enabled him to carry on the Russian classical tradition in prose.

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1932

Winner: John Goldsworthy
Nationality: English
Representative work: The Prolific
Winner: for the excellence of his art of description – an art that reaches its peak in The Forsyth Family

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1931

Winner: Elric Axel Karlfeld
Nationality: Swedish
Representative work: “The Wilderness and Love
Awarded for: For the artistic value of his poems, which no one has ever doubted.

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1930

Winner: Sinclair Lewis (the first American Nobel laureate in literature)
Nationality: American
Representative work: “Babbitt
Awarded for his powerful, personal and moving narrative art, and his talent for creating new styles with wit and humor.

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1929

Winner: Paul Thomas Mann
Nationality: German
Representative works: “The Buddenbrooks”, “The Magic Mountain
For his great novel “The Budenbrocks”, which has become an increasingly established classic in contemporary literature.

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1928

Winner: Sigrid Winsett (female)
Nationality: Norwegian
Representative work: “The Bride – the Master – the Cross
Awarded for her powerful portrayal of life in the medieval North.

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1927

Winner: Henri Bergson
Nationality: French
Representative work: The Evolution of Creation
Awarded for his rich and life-affirming ideas, and for his brilliant technique.

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1926

Winner: Grazia Dellaida (female)
Nationality: Italian
Representative work: “The Path of Evil
For her work inspired by idealism, which depicts the life on the island where she grew up with a soft penetration; for the depth and compassion shown in the insight into the general problems of mankind.

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1925

Winner: George Bernard Shaw
Nationality: Irish
Representative work: Joan of Arc
Awarded for his idealistic and humane works, which often contain a high degree of poetic beauty in their agitated irony.

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1924

Winner: Vladislav Lermont
Nationality: Polish
Representative works: “The Blessed Land”, “The Farmers
Awarded for his excellent national epic “The Peasants”.

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1923

Winner: William Butler Yeats
Nationality: Irish
Representative work: “Leda and the Swan
Awarded for his ever-inspiring poems, which reveal the spirit of an entire people through a highly artistic form.

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1922

Winner: Haciente Benavente y Martinez
Nationality: Spanish
Representative work: “The Unlucky Girl
Awarded for the continuation of the splendid tradition of the theater, in an appropriate manner.

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1921

Winner: Anatole François
Nationality: French
Representative work: “Thaïs
For his brilliant literary achievement, which lies in his noble style, his compassionate human sympathy, his charm, and the qualities of a truly French temperament.

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1920

Winner: Knut Hamsun
Nationality: Norwegian
Representative work: “The Fruit of the Earth – A Song of Husbandry
Awarded for his epochal masterpiece “The Growth of the Land”.

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1919

Winner: Karl Spittler
Nationality: Swiss
Representative work: “Spring of Olympus
Awarded for his outstanding performance in the epic poem “Olympus Spring”.

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No award in 1918

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1917

Winner 1: Henrik Pontoppidan
Nationality: Danish
Representative work: “Kingdom of Heaven
Awarded for his faithful portrayal of current Danish life.

Winner 2: Carl Jellerup
Nationality: Denmark
Representative work: Blood at the Mill
Awarded for his diverse and rich poems – they contain high ideals.

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1916

Winner: Werner Heidenstam
Nationality: Swedish
Representative work: The Pilgrim Age
Awarded in recognition of his important representation in the new era of Swedish literature.

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1915

Winner: Romain Rolland
Nationality: French
Representative work: John Kristof
For his noble ideals in literature and his compassion and love of truth in the portrayal of different types of characters.

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No award in 1914

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1913

Winner: Robindranath Tagore
Nationality: Indian
Representative work: “Gitanjali – The Hungry Stone
For his poems of great sensitivity, freshness and beauty, which, thanks to his great skill and to his own expression in English, have made his poetic ideas a part of Western literature.

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1912

Winner: Gerhard Hauptmann
Nationality: German
Representative work: “The Rat Pack
Awarded in recognition of his outstandingly fruitful and varied achievements in the field of dramatic art.

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1911

Winner: Maurice Maeterlinck
Nationality: Belgian
Representative work: “The Wisdom of Flowers
Reason: For his manifold literary performances, especially his dramatic works, which are not only rich in imagination and full of poetic whimsy, but sometimes appear as myths, but are still full of profound revelations everywhere. This revelation wonderfully strikes the heartstrings of readers and stimulates their imagination.

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1910

Winner: Paul Johann Ludwig von Hesse
Nationality: German
Representative work: “The Treppi Girl
For: In recognition of the idealistic artistry of this lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and world-renowned short story writer during his long and prolific career.

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1909

Winner: Thelma Lagerlöf (female)
Nationality: Swedish
Representative work: “Journey of Nils on the Goose
Reason: For the noble idealism, rich imagination, and easy and beautiful style that characterize her works.

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1908

Winner: Rudolph Oken
Nationality: German
Representative works: “Compendium of Spiritual Life
Awarded for his fervent pursuit of truth, his ability to penetrate ideas, his broad observations, and the enthusiasm and power he exuded in his countless works in which he defended and explained an idealistic philosophy of life.

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1907

Winner: Joseph Rudyard Kipling
Nationality: English
Representative works: “Tiger! Tiger!
Reason: The works of this world-famous writer are distinguished by their subtle observation, unique imagination, majestic atmosphere and excellent narration.

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1906

Winner: Jozue Carducci
Nationality: Italian
Representative work: “Poems of Youth
Awarded not only for his profound knowledge and critical research, but also to celebrate the character, creative momentum, freshness and lyrical charm of his poetic masterpieces.

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1905

Winner: Henryk Hienkiewicz
Nationality: Polish
Representative works: “The Third Woman”, “Where are you going?
Awarded for his outstanding achievements in writing historical novels.

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1904

Winner 1: José Echegaray
Nationality: Spanish
Representative work: “The Great Matchmaker
Awarded for the richness and excellence of its unique and original style, which restores the great tradition of Spanish comedy.

Winner 2: Frédéric Mistal
Nationality: French
Representative works: The Golden Island
Awarded for the freshness, creativity and true inspiration of his poems, which faithfully reflect the simple spirit of his people.

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1903

Winner: Bjornstern Bjornsson
Nationality: Norwegian
Representative work: The Challenging Glove
Winner: With the poet’s vivid inspiration and rare nakedness, he wrote his work with grace, splendor and colorfulness.

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1902

Winner: Teodor Munson
Nationality: German
Representative works: “History of Rome
Awarded for: The greatest historian of our time, as shown in his masterpiece “History of Rome”.

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1901

Winner: Sully Prudhomme (the first person to win the Nobel Prize in Literature)
Nationality: French
Representative work: “Solitude and Deep Thought
Reason for the award: It is a tangible evidence of high ideals, perfect art and rare mind and wisdom.

自京赴奉先县咏怀五百字(节选)

朱门酒肉臭，

路有冻死骨。

荣枯咫尺异，

惆怅难再述。

On the Way from the Capital to Fengxian (Excerpts)

The mansions burst with wine and meat;

The poor die frozen on the street.

Woe stands within an inch of weal.

Distressed, can I tell what I feel?

赠李白

秋来相顾尚飘蓬，

未就丹砂愧葛洪。

痛饮狂歌空度日，

飞扬跋扈为谁雄？

To Li Bai

When autumn comes, you’re drifting still like thistledown;

You try to find the way to heaven, but you fail.

In singing mad and drinking dead your days you drown.

O when will fly the roc? O when will leap the whale?

绝句(二首其一)

迟日江山丽，

春风花草香。

泥融飞燕子，

沙暖睡鸳鸯。

Quatrains(1)

Over a beautiful scene the sun is lingering,

Alive with birds and sweet with breath of early spring.

To pick the thawing sod a pair of swallows fly;

Basking on the warm sand, two by two lovebirds lie.

春 望

国破山河在，

城春草木深。

感时花溅泪，

恨别鸟惊心。

烽火连三月，

家书抵万金。

白头搔更短，

浑欲不胜簪。

Spring View

On war-torn land streams flow and mountains stand;

In vernal town grass and weeds are o’ergrown.

Grieved o’er the years, flowers make us shed tears;

Hating to part, hearing birds breaks our heart.

The beacon fire has gone higher and higher;

Words from household are worth their weight in gold.

I cannot bear to scratch my grizzling hair;

It grows too thin to hold a light hairpin.

江畔独步寻花(七首其六)

黄四娘家花满蹊，

千朵万朵压枝低。

留连戏蝶时时舞，

自在娇莺恰恰啼。

Strolling Alone among Flowers by Riverside(VI)

Along the Yellow Path flowers are overgrown,

Thousands of them in full blossom weigh branches down.

Butterflies linger, now and then they dance along;

Golden orioles warble with ease their timely song.

蜀 相

丞相祠堂何处寻？

锦官城外柏森森。

映阶碧草自春色，

隔叶黄鹂空好音。

三顾频烦天下计，

两朝开济老臣心。

出师未捷身先死，

长使英雄泪满襟。

Temple of the Premier of Shu

Where is the famous premier’s temple to be found?

Outside the Town of Brocade with cypresses around.

In vain before the steps spring grass grows green and long,

And amid the leaves golden orioles sing their song.

Thrice the king visited him for the State’s gains and pains;

He served heart and soul the kingdom during two reigns.

But he died before he accomplished his career.

How could heroes not wet their sleeves with tear on tear!

旅夜书怀

细草微风岸，

危樯独夜舟。

星垂平野阔，

月涌大江流。

名岂文章著？

官应老病休。

飘飘何所似？

天地一沙鸥。

Mooring at Night

Riverside grass caressed by wind so light,

A lonely mast seems to pierce lonely night.

The boundless plain fringed with stars hanging low,

The moon surges with the river on the flow.

Will fame ever come to a man of letters

Old, ill, retired, no official life betters?

What do I look like, drifting on so free?

A wild gull seeking shelter on the sea.

客 至

舍南舍北皆春水，

但见群鸥日日来。

花径不曾缘客扫，

蓬门今始为君开。

盘飧市远无兼味，

樽酒家贫只旧醅。

肯与邻翁相对饮，

隔篱呼取尽余杯。

For a Guest

North and south of my cottage winds spring water green;

I see but flocks of gulls coming from day to day.

The footpath strewn with fallen blooms is not swept clean;

My wicket gate is opened but for you today.

Far from market, I can afford but simple dish;

Being not rich, I’ve only old wine for our cup.

To drink together with my neighbor if you wish,

I’ll call him o’er the fence to finish the wine up.

赠花卿

锦城丝管日纷纷，

半入江风半入云。

此曲只应天上有，

人间能得几回闻？

To General Hua

With songs from day to day the Town of Silk is loud;

They waft with winds across the streams into the cloud.

Such music can be heard but in celestial spheres.

How many times has it been played for human ears?

春夜喜雨

好雨知时节，

当春乃发生。

随风潜入夜，

润物细无声。

野径云俱黑，

江船火独明。

晓看红湿处，

花重锦官城。

Happy Rain on a Spring Night

Good rain knows its time right;

It will fall when comes spring.

With wind it steals in night;

Mute, it moistens each thing.

O’er wild lanes dark cloud spreads;

In boat a lantern looms.

Dawn sees saturated reds;

The town’s heavy with blooms.

天门中断楚江开，碧水东流至此回。

两岸青山相对出，孤帆一片日边来。

Mount Heaven’s Gate Viewed from Afar

Breaking Mount Heaven’s Gate, the great River rolls through,

Its east-flowing green billows, hurled back here, turn north.

From the two river banks thrust out the mountains blue,

Leaving the sun behind, a lonely sail comes forth.

静夜思

床前明月光，疑是地上霜。

举头望明月，低头思故乡。

Thoughts on a Silent Night

Before my bed a pool of light —

Is it hoarfrost upon the ground?

Eyes raised, I see the moon so bright;

Head bent, in homesickness I’m drowned.

黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵

故人西辞黄鹤楼，

烟花三月下扬州。

孤帆远影碧空尽，

唯见长江天际流。

Seeing Meng Haoran off at Yellow Crane Tower

My friend has left the west where towers Yellow Crane

For River Town when willow-down and flowers reign.

His lessening sail is lost in boundless azure sky,

Where I see but the endless River rolling by.

登金陵凤凰台

凤凰台上凤凰游，

凤去台空江自流。

吴宫花草埋幽径，

晋代衣冠成古丘。

三山半落青天外，

二水中分白鹭洲。

总为浮云能蔽日，

长安不见使人愁。

On Phoenix Terrace at Jinling

On Phoenix Terrace once phoenixes came to sing,

The birds are gone but still roll on the river’s waves.

The ruined palace’s buried ‘neath the weeds in spring;

The ancient sages in caps and gowns all lie in graves.

The three-peak’d mountain is half lost in azure sky;

The two-fork’d stream by Egret Isle is kept apart.

As floating clouds can veil the bright sun from the eye,

Imperial Court now out of sight saddens my heart.

赠汪伦

李白乘舟将欲行，

忽闻岸上踏歌声。

桃花潭水深千尺，

不及汪伦送我情。

To Wang Lun Who Comes to Bid Me Farewell

I, Li Bai sit aboard a ship about to go,

When suddenly on shore footsteps and songs o’erflow.

The Lake of Peach Blossom is a thousand fathoms deep,

But not so deep as the friendship Wang Lun and I keep.

临终歌

大鹏飞兮振八裔，

中天摧兮力不济。

余风激兮万，

游扶桑兮挂左袂。

后人得之传此，

仲尼亡兮谁为出涕？

On Death-Bed

When flies the roc, he shakes the world.

In mid-air his weakened wings are furled.

The wind he’s raised still stirs the sea,

He hangs his left wing on sun-side tree.

Posterity mine, hear, O, hear!

Confucius dead, who’ll shed a tear?

夜宿山寺

危楼高百尺，

手可摘星辰。

不敢高声语，

恐惊天上人。

The Summit Temple

Hundred feet high the Summit Temple stands,

Where I could pluck the stars with my own hands.

At dead of night I dare not speak aloud

For fear of waking dwellers in the cloud.

望庐山瀑布

（二首其二）

日照香炉生紫烟，

遥看瀑布挂前川。

飞流直下三千尺，

疑是银河落九天。

The Waterfall in Mount Lu Viewed from Afar

(II)

The sunlit Censer Peak exhales incense-like cloud,

The cataract hangs like upended stream sounding loud.

Its torrent dashes down three thousand feet from high

As if the Silver River fell from azure sky.

峨眉山月歌

峨眉山月半轮秋，

影入平羌江水流。

夜发清溪向三峡，

思君不见下渝州。

The Moon over the Eyebrow Mountains

The crescent moon looks like old Autumn’s golden brow,

Its deep refection flows with limpid waterblue.

I’ll leave the town on Clear Stream for Three Canyons now.

O Moon, how I miss you when you are out of view!

独坐敬亭山

众鸟高飞尽，孤云独去闲。

相看两不厌，只有敬亭山。

Sitting Alone in Face of Peak Jingting

All birds have flown away, so high;

A lonely cloud drifts on, so free.

We are not tired, the Peak and I,

Nor I of him, nor he of me.

2, Li Bai: China’s most outstanding poet
Li Bai was one of the most outstanding poets of the Tang Dynasty, known as the “Immortal of Poetry”. He is known as the “poet immortal”. His most important masterpieces include “Dreaming of the Heavenly Dream”, “The Difficulties of Shu Dao”, “The Wine of the General” and “Asking for the Moon”.

3, Du Fu: the pinnacle of Chinese metrical poetry
Du Fu was a poet of the Tang Dynasty, alongside Li Bai, and is historically known as the “poet sage”. Du Fu is also known as the pinnacle of Chinese realist poetry. His masterpieces include “Shu Xiang”, “Bing Che Xing”, “Five Hundred Characters from Beijing to Fengxian County”, and “Yong Huai Monuments”.

4, Bai Juyi: the most outstanding poet of the law Bai Juyi was one of the three major poets of the Tang Dy

4, Bai Juyi: the best poet of prose
Bai Juyi, one of the three great poets of the Tang Dynasty, led the “New Music House” movement in the Middle Tang Dynasty, advocating realistic poetry and suggesting that “essays should be written for the time, and songs and poems should be composed for the event”. He was one of the most outstanding poets in ancient China, and his masterpieces “Pipa Xing” and “Song of the Long Hatred” are both long poems that are the best in ancient and modern times.

5, liuyong: the pinnacle of the euphemism school
Liu Yong was the pinnacle of the Song Dynasty euphemism, and his contribution to the lyric school included the creation of slow lyrics on a large scale, which changed the pattern of the dominance of small orders in the lyric world since the Tang and Five Dynasties. Liu Yong’s masterpieces include “Yu Lin Bell – The Cold Cicada is Mournful”, “Wang Hai Chao – The Southeastern Landscape”, “Eight Sounds of Ganzhou – The Dashing Twilight Rain Sprinkles the River Sky”, and “Jade Butterfly – The Rain Clouds Break at the Lookout”.

6, Su Shi: the pinnacle of the grand lyric school
Su Shi was the most outstanding literary scholar of Song Dynasty, who was indistinguishable from Ouyang Xiu in the field of prose, second only to Lu You in the field of poetry, and topped the list of Song Dynasty in the field of lyric writing. His primary masterpieces include “Nian Nu Jiao – Huai Gu at the Red Cliff” and “Shui Tong Ge Tou – Mid-Autumn in the Year of the Prophet”.

7, Lu You: The Greatest Poet of Song Dynasty
Lu You was the most outstanding poet of the Song Dynasty and the poet with the most surviving poems in ancient China. Lu, You represents the lyrical style of the Southern Song Dynasty. Lu You’s masterpieces include Guanshan Yue (The Moon over the Mountain), Shuangyang (The Book of Wrath), Qitoufeng (The Hairpin’s Head), and Zhangyi (The Love of the Heart).

8, Li Qingzhao: China’s most outstanding female lyricist
Li Qingzhao is the most outstanding female writer in ancient China. Her primary achievement lies in her lyrics, and she is the representative of the euphemism school of Song lyrics, together with Liu Yong. Li Qingzhao was also good at writing poetry and was generous in her sentiments. Her masterpieces include “Sounding Slowly”, “Poem on Privy Councilor Han Xiaojia” and “One Cut Plum”.

9、Xin Qiji: the lord of the Southern Song Dynasty
Xin Qiji is the leader of the Southern Song Dynasty’s bold and elegant lyric school, and is known as the “Dragon of Lyrics”. His masterpieces include “Qing Yu Pian – New Year’s Eve”, “Yong Yu Le – A Thousand Ancient Rivers and Mountains”, “Shui Long Yin – Raise Your Head to the Northwest”, and “Shui Long Yin – Ascending Jian Kang Pavilion of Appreciating the Heart”.

10, Mao Zedong: The most outstanding poet nearly 800 years ago Mao Zedong was the most outstanding poet from the Ming and Qing dynasties to modern times. His poems reflect the revolutionary court

10, Mao Zedong: the best poet nearly 800 years ago
Mao Zedong was the most outstanding poet from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the modern era. His poems reflect the revolutionary history of China in modern times and can be called the “epic poem” of the Chinese revolution. His primary masterpieces include “Qin Yuan Chun – Snow”, “Qin Yuan Chun – Changsha”, “The People’s Liberation Army Occupies Nanjing”, “Shui Tong Tong Ge Tou – Swimming”, “Yi Qin’e – Lou Shan Guan”, etc.